1. 1 What Is Clinical Psychology?
2. Chapter Preview
3. A Clinical Case
4. An Overview of Clinical Psychology
5. The Definition of Clinical Psychology
6. The Popularity of Clinical Psychology
7. What Does it Take to Become a Clinical Psychologist?
8. Clinical Psychology and Related Mental Health Professions
9. Clinical Psychologists at Work
10. What Do Clinical Psychologists Do?
11. Where Do Clinical Psychologists Work?
12. How Much Do Clinical Psychologists Earn?
13. Who Are Clinical Psychologists?
14. Who Are the Clients of Clinical Psychologists?
15. Clinical Psychology in the 21st Century
16. Science and Practice
17. Thinking Scientifically About Evidence
18. Eclecticism and Integration
19. The Health-Care Environment
20. Chapter Summary
21. 2 Clinical Psychology’s Past, Present, and Future
22. Chapter Preview
23. The Roots of Clinical Psychology
24. The Empirical Tradition
25. The Psychometric Tradition
26. The Clinical Tradition
27. Clinical Psychology Begins to Grow
28. Psychological Testing Expands
29. Clinicians Become Psychotherapists
30. Clinicians Form Professional Organizations
31. Clinical Psychology Branches Out
32. The Psychodynamic Approach
33. The Humanistic Approach
34. The Behavioral Approach
35. The Cognitive Approach
36. The Cognitive Behavioral Approach
37. Social Systems Approaches
38. The Biological Approach
39. Comparing Approaches: The Case of Rachel Jackson
40. Looking Ahead
41. Mechanisms of Change and Transdiagnostic Approaches
42. The Burden of Mental Illness and the Science-Practice Gap
43. Mental Hospitals Versus Prisons and Jails
44. The Changing Landscape of Clinical Practice
45. New Approaches to Diagnosing Psychological Disorders
46. Chapter Summary
47. 3 Basic Features of Clinical Assessment, Classification, and Diagnosis
48. Chapter Preview
49. A Clinical Case
50. An Outline of the Assessment Process
51. Receiving and Clarifying the Referral Question
52. Planning Data Collection Procedures
53. Collecting Assessment Data
54. Processing Data and Forming Conclusions
55. Communicating Assessment Results
56. The Goals of Clinical Assessment
57. Classification and Diagnosis
58. Description
59. Planning and Evaluating Treatment
60. Prediction
61. Factors Influencing the Choice of Assessment Instruments
62. Reliability
63. Validity
64. Standardization
65. Bandwidth Versus Fidelity: A Complex Tradeoff
66. Other Factors Affecting Assessment Choices
67. Clinical Judgment and Decision-Making
68. Clinical Intuition
69. Improving Clinical Judgment
70. Communicating Assessment Results
71. Report Clarity
72. Relevance to Goals
73. Usefulness of Reports
74. Ethical Considerations in Assessment
75. Chapter Summary
76. 4 Interviewing and Observation in Clinical Psychology
77. Chapter Preview
78. Clinical Interview Situations
79. Intake Interviews
80. Problem-Referral Interviews
81. Orientation Interviews
82. Debriefing and Termination Interviews
83. Crisis Interviews
84. Ethnic and Cultural Issues in Clinical Interviews
85. Interview Structure
86. Nondirective Interviews
87. Semistructured Interviews
88. Structured Interviews
89. Stages in the Interview
90. Stage 1: Beginning the Interview
91. Stage 2: The Middle of the Interview
92. Stage 3: Closing the Interview
93. Evaluating the Quality of Interviews
94. Communication and Miscommunication in the Interview
95. Reliability and Validity of Interview Data
96. Observational Assessment
97. Goals of Observational Assessment
98. Limitations of Observational Assessment
99. Approaches to Observational Assessment
100. Naturalistic Observation
101. Controlled Observation
102. Behavioral Avoidance Tests
103. Research on Observational Assessment
104. Defining Observational Targets
105. Representativeness of Observed Behavior
106. Reliability of Observational Assessment
107. Validity of Observational Assessment
108. Chapter Summary
109. 5 Testing in Clinical Psychology
110. Chapter Preview
111. Basic Concepts in Psychological Testing
112. What Is a Psychological Test?
113. How Are Tests Constructed?
114. Standardization and Score Interpretation
115. Avoiding Distortion in Test Scores
116. Tests of Intellectual Functioning
117. Theories of Intelligence
118. The Binet Scales
119. The Wechsler Scales
120. Other Intelligence Tests
121. Aptitude and Achievement Tests
122. Tests of Attitudes, Interests, Preferences, and Values
123. Tests of Psychopathology and Personality
124. Objective Tests of Psychopathology
125. Objective Tests of Personality
126. Projective Personality Tests
127. The Current Status of Psychological Testing
128. Reliability and Validity of Psychological Tests
129. Psychological Testing with Diverse Clients
130. The Ethical Use of Psychological Tests
131. New Roles and Goals for Psychological Tests
132. Chapter Summary
133. 6 Basic Features of Clinical Interventions
134. Chapter Preview
135. Overview of Clinical Interventions
136. What Is Psychotherapy?
137. How Many Psychotherapy Approaches Are There?
138. The Participants in Psychotherapy
139. The Client
140. The Therapist
141. The Therapeutic Alliance
142. Settings for Psychotherapy
143. The Goals of Clinical Interventions
144. Building a Strong Therapeutic Relationship
145. Fostering Insight
146. Providing New Information (Education)
147. Assigning Extratherapy Tasks (Homework)
148. Developing Faith, Hope, and Expectations for Change
149. Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Interventions
150. The APA Ethics Code
151. Ethics and the Therapist’s Values
152. Some Practical Aspects of Clinical Intervention
153. Treatment Duration and Fees
154. Record Keeping
155. Case Formulation and Treatment Planning
156. Therapist Objectivity and Self-Disclosure
157. Termination
158. Two Broad Trends in Clinical Intervention
159. Chapter Summary
160. 7 Research on Clinical Intervention
161. Chapter Preview
162. A Clinical Case
163. Methods for Studying Psychological Treatments
164. Basic Designs of Psychotherapy-Outcome Research: Past and Present
165. Results of Research on Individual Treatments
166. Client Satisfaction Surveys
167. Box Score Reviews
168. Meta-Analytic Studies
169. Empirically Supported and Evidence-Based Treatments
170. Evidence-Based Practice
171. Research on Common or Nonspecific Factors in Therapy
172. Results of Research on Other Modes of Intervention
173. Findings on Group Therapy
174. Findings on Couples Therapy
175. Findings on Family Therapy
176. Findings on Preventive Interventions
177. Findings on Self-Help Resources and Self-Help Groups
178. Findings on the Combination of Psychotherapy and Medication
179. Issues and Concerns About Research on Psychotherapy
180. Concerns and Compromises in Therapy Research
181. Chapter Summary
182. 8 Psychoanalytic, Psychodynamic, and Humanistic Psychotherapies
183. Chapter Preview
184. Psychoanalysis
185. Freud’s Theory of Personality and Psychopathology
186. Foundations of Psychoanalytic Therapy
187. A Case Example of Psychoanalysis
188. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
189. Adler’s Individual Psychology
190. Jung’s Analytical Psychology
191. Ego Psychology
192. Object Relations Therapy
193. Relational Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
194. Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
195. The Current Status of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
196. Interpersonal Psychotherapy
197. The Current Status of Interpersonal Psychotherapy
198. Humanistic Psychotherapy
199. Person-Centered Therapy
200. The Goals of Person-Centered Therapy
201. A Case Example of Person-Centered Therapy
202. Gestalt Therapy
203. Existential and Other Humanistic Approaches
204. The Current Status of Humanistic Psychotherapy
205. Chapter Summary
206. 9 Cognitive, Behavioral, and Acceptance-Based Psychotherapies
207. Chapter Preview
208. Behavior Therapy
209. Theoretical Foundations
210. Assessment in Behavior Therapy
211. Role of the Therapist
212. Goals of Behavior Therapy
213. Clinical Applications
214. Exposure Techniques
215. A Case Example of Exposure Treatment
216. Social Skills Training
217. Behavioral Activation and Activity Scheduling
218. Aversion Therapy and Punishment
219. A Case Example of Behavior Therapy
220. Cognitive Therapy
221. Theoretical Foundations
222. Goals of Cognitive Therapy
223. Cognitive Therapy Methods
224. Cognitive Behavior and Acceptance-Based Therapies
225. Theoretical Foundations and Extensions
226. Clinical Applications
227. Integrating Cognitive Behavior and Acceptance-Based Therapies
228. The Current Status of Cognitive Behavior and Acceptance-Based Therapies
229. Chapter Summary
230. 10 Delivering Mental Health Services
231. Chapter Preview
232. Dissemination and Implementation of Clinical Interventions
233. The Challenges of Dissemination and Implementation
234. New Models for Delivering Therapy
235. Group Therapy
236. Therapeutic Factors in Group Therapy
237. The Practice of Group Therapy
238. Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy
239. Couples and Family Therapy
240. Diagnosis in Couples and Family Therapy
241. Couples Therapy Methods
242. Family Therapy
243. A Case Example of Family Therapy
244. The Social Contexts of Couples and Family Therapy
245. Alternatives to In-Person Therapy by Mental Health Professionals
246. Technological Innovations
247. Non-Specialist Providers
248. Prevention Science
249. Community Psychology
250. Self-Help
251. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
252. Chapter Summary
253. 11 Clinical Psychology for Youth and Older Adults
254. Chapter Preview
255. A Brief History of Clinical Child Psychology
256. Unique Characteristics of Clinical Child Psychology
257. A Focus on Developmental Stages
258. Attention to the Contexts of Behavior
259. Processes for Seeking Help
260. Confidentiality
261. Clinical Assessment of Children
262. Special Considerations in Child Assessment
263. Behavior Rating Scales
264. Clinical Interviews
265. Intelligence and Achievement Tests
266. Projective Tests
267. Behavioral Observations
268. Understanding and Dealing with Inconsistent Assessment Information
269. A Case Example
270. Treatment and Prevention of Child and Adolescent Disorders
271. Psychosocial Treatments for Disorders in Children and Adolescents
272. Pharmacological Interventions
273. A Case Example
274. Prevention of Childhood Disorders
275. The Future of Clinical Child Psychology
276. Diversity and Multiculturalism
277. Access to Care
278. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice
279. Technology and Youth Mental Health
280. Clinical Geropsychology
281. A Brief History of Clinical Geropsychology
282. The Need for More Geropsychologists
283. Unique Characteristics of Clinical Geropsychology
284. Training in Geropsychology
285. Work Settings for Geropsychologists
286. A Focus on Life-Span Development
287. Clinical Assessment with Older Adults
288. Assessment Methods with Older Adults
289. A Case Example
290. Treatment of Older Adults
291. Special Considerations in Treating Older Adults
292. Treatment Methods and Settings
293. Pharmacological Treatments
294. A Case Example
295. The Future of Geropsychology
296. Diversity and Multiculturalism
297. Advancing Technology
298. Chapter Summary
299. 12 Clinical Psychology, Health, and Well-Being
300. Chapter Preview
301. What Is Health Psychology?
302. Stress, Coping, and Health
303. Measuring Stressors
304. Adaptive Coping Strategies
305. Stress-Hardy Personality Characteristics
306. Social Support
307. Risk Factors for Illness
308. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
309. Illness Prevention and Treatment Programs
310. Cardiovascular Diseases
311. Pain
312. Cancer
313. HIV/AIDS
314. Improving Adherence to Medical Treatment
315. Causes of Nonadherence
316. Interventions to Improve Adherence
317. A Case Example of Health Psychology
318. Chapter Summary
319. 13 Clinical Neuropsychology
320. Chapter Preview
321. A Clinical Case
322. A Brief History of Neuropsychology
323. Early Influences
324. Development of Neuropsychological Assessment Techniques
325. Split-Brain Research
326. Research on Normal Brains
327. Basic Principles of Neuropsychology
328. A Modern View of Localization of Function
329. Modules and Networks
330. Levels of Interaction
331. Lateralization of Function
332. Patterns of Neuropsychological Dysfunction
333. Occipital Lobe Dysfunction
334. Parietal Lobe Dysfunction
335. Temporal Lobe Dysfunction
336. Frontal Lobe Dysfunction
337. Neuropsychological Syndromes
338. Neuropsychological Assessment
339. Neuropsychological Test Batteries
340. Individualized Approaches to Neuropsychological Testing
341. Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation
342. Neuropsychological Approaches to Psychopathology
343. Depression
344. Schizophrenia
345. Developmental Disorders
346. The Current Status of Clinical Neuropsychology
347. Chapter Summary
348. 14 Forensic Psychology
349. Chapter Preview
350. The Scope of Forensic Psychology
351. Criminal Competence and Responsibility
352. Criminal Competence
353. Assessing Competence
354. The Insanity Defense
355. Assessing Sanity
356. Reforming the Insanity Defense
357. Assessing Psychological Status in Civil Cases
358. Assessing Psychological Damage in Tort Cases
359. Workers’ Compensation Cases
360. Civil Competencies
361. Psychological Autopsies and Criminal Profiling
362. Psychological Autopsies
363. Criminal Profiling
364. Child Custody and Parental Fitness
365. Child Custody Disputes
366. Custody Mediation
367. Termination of Parental Rights
368. Mental Health Experts in the Legal System
369. Chapter Summary
370. 15 Training and Practice Issues in Clinical Psychology
371. Chapter Preview
372. Professional Training
373. The Boulder Conference
374. The Vail Conference
375. The Salt Lake City Conference
376. The Delaware Conference
377. Clinical Psychology Training Today
378. Professional Schools and the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) Degree
379. Clinical Psychology Training Models
380. Evaluating Clinical Psychology Training
381. The Internship Imbalance
382. Professional Regulation
383. Certification and Licensure
384. ABPP Certification
385. Professional Ethics
386. Ethical Standards of the American Psychological Association
387. Implementation of Ethical Standards
388. Dealing with Ethical Violations
389. Other Ethical Standards
390. Regulation Through State Laws
391. Regulation Through Malpractice Litigation
392. Professional Independence
393. The Economics of Mental Health Care
394. Independent Practice
395. Prescription Privileges
396. Professional Multicultural Competence
397. A Case Study of Culturally Competent Therapy
398. The Future of Clinical Psychology
399. Training
400. Psychotherapy Integration
401. Interdisciplinary Science and Practice
402. Positive Psychology
403. Spirituality
404. Technology
405. Dissemination
406. Outreach to National and International Communities
407. A Final Word
408. Chapter Summary
409. 16 Getting into Graduate School in Clinical Psychology
410. Chapter Preview
411. What Types of Graduate Programs Will Help Me Meet My Career Goals?
412. Research Versus Clinical Emphasis?
413. M.A., Ph.D., or Psy.D.?
414. Am I Ready to Make the Commitment Required by Graduate Programs at This Time in My Life?
415. Time Commitments
416. Financial Commitments
417. Academic and Emotional Commitments
418. Are My Credentials Strong Enough for Graduate School in Clinical Psychology?
419. Undergraduate Coursework and Experience
420. Graduate Record Exam Scores
421. Grade Point Average
422. Letters of Recommendation
423. Given My Credentials, to What Type of Program Can I Realistically Aspire?
424. I Have Decided to Apply to Graduate School in Clinical Psychology. What Should I Do Now?
425. How Do I Get Information About Graduate Programs and Identify ”Good” Ones?
426. What Does It Mean When a Clinical Psychology Graduate Program is Accredited by the American Psycholo
427. What Does it Mean When a Clinical Psychology Graduate Program is Accredited by the Psychological Cli
428. When Should I Apply, and What Kind of Timeline Should I Expect?
429. To How Many Programs Should I Apply?
430. How Much Will It Cost to Apply?
431. What Testing is Involved in Applying to Graduate School?
432. What is the GRE?
433. Should I Study for the GRE?
434. How Important is My Grade Point Average?
435. Will I Need Letters of Recommendation? If so, How Many and from Whom?
436. What Should I Know About Asking for Letters of Recommendation?
437. Will I Be Able to See My Letters of Recommendation?
438. What Should I Include in My Personal Statement?
439. Are Personal Interviews Required?
440. How Do I Prepare for an Onsite Interview?
441. What Kind of Financial Aid Is Available for Graduate Study?
442. When I Am Admitted to a Program, How Long Will I Have to Make a Decision About Whether to Accept?
443. Will I Be Successful in Gaining Admission?
444. What Are Your Rights as a Graduate Student?
445. Chapter Summary
446. References

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