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Test Bank for Pioneers of Psychology, 5th Edition, Raymond E. Fancher, Alexandra Rutherford,

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This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for Pioneers of Psychology, 5th Edition, Raymond E. Fancher, Alexandra Rutherford

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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780393283549
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393283549
Author: Raymond E. Fancher, Alexandra Rutherford

Pioneers of Psychology tells the stories of the men and women who have shaped our understanding of what it means to be human. The authors illuminate major themes and controversies in psychology’s history through carefully crafted stories of real people, their personal journeys, and their intellectual insights. The Fifth Edition includes three new chapters covering historiography, pre-1600 psychological ideas, and clinical psychology.

Table of Content:

1. Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
The Greek Miracle and the Presocratic Philosophers
The Concept of Psyche
Pythagorean Mathematics and Philosophical Paradoxes
The Hippocratics
The Life and Thought of Socrates
Plato’s Life and Philosophy
Platonic Idealism
The Platonic Legacy
Aristotle and Empiricism
Biological Taxonomy
On the Psyche
An Atomic Footnote: Democritus, Epicurus, and Lucretius
Three Islamic Pioneers
Al-Kindi and the Introduction of Indo-Arabic Numerals
Alhazen and Modern Visual Science
Avicenna on Medicine and the Aristotelian Soul
Europe’s Intellectual Reawakening
Suggested Resources
2. Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz
René Descartes and the Mind-Body Distinction
Descartes’s Method and “Simple Natures”
Descartes’s Physics
Mechanistic Physiology
Rational Qualities of the Mind
Interactive Dualism
The Legacy of Descartes
John Locke and the Empiricist Tradition
Revolution and Tolerance
Political Involvements
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Kinds of Knowledge
Practical Implications of Locke’s Philosophy
Gottfried Leibniz and Continental Nativism
Mathematical Discoveries in Paris
Serving the House of Hanover
Monadology
A Nativistic Critique of Locke
Lockean vs. Leibnizean Traditions
Suggested Resources
3. Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
Franz Josef Gall: Brain Anatomist and Phrenologist
Pierre Flourens and the Discrediting of Phrenology
Localization Theory Revived: The Brain’s Language Areas
Paul Broca and the Case of “Tan”
Sensory and Motor Areas
Wernicke’s Theory of Aphasia
Memory and the Equipotentiality Debate
Stimulation of the Conscious Human Brain
Wilder Penfield and the Treatment of Epilepsy
Brenda Milner and the Multiplicity of Memory Systems
Cartesian Dualism Revisited
Recent Developments: Cognitive Neuroscience and Social Neuroscience
Suggested Resources
4. The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant Through the Gestalt Psychologists
The Kantian Background
Helmholtz and Psychology’s Physiological Foundations
The Triumph of Physiological Mechanism
Helmholtz on Human Vision
Physical Properties of the Eye
The Neurophysiology of Color Vision
Visual Perception
Helmholtz’s Legacy
Fechner and Psychophysics
Fechner’s Early Life
The Invention of Psychophysics
Gestalt Psychology
The Implications and Spread of Gestalt Psychology
Suggested Resources
5. Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
Wundt’s Early Life
Development as a Researcher
Experimental Psychology and Völkerpsychologie
Principles of Physiological Psychology
Wundt at Leipzig
Experimental Studies
Voluntaristic Psychology
Völkerpsychologie and Its Implications
Titchener’s Structuralism
Female Students and the Experimentalists
Experimenting on Higher Functions
Külpe and the Introspection of Complex Mental Processes
Ebbinghaus’s Studies of Memory
Wundt’s Reputation and Legacy
Suggested Resources
6. The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
Darwin’s Early Life
The Voyage of the Beagle
Geological Discoveries
Biological Discoveries
The Return Home
The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
The Origin of Species
Darwin and Psychology
The Descent of Man
Race and Gender
The Expression of the Emotions
“A Biographical Sketch of an Infant”
Darwin’s Impact on Psychology and Society
Social Darwinism
Comparative Psychology and Individual Differences
Recent Developments: Emotions, Sociobiology, and Evolutionary Psychology
Suggested Resources
7. Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
The Anthropometric Laboratory
Galton’s Early Life and Career
Darwinian Theory and Hereditary Genius
The Normal Distribution
Pedigrees of Eminence
Adoptive vs. Biological Relatives
Nature and Nurture
Eugenics
The Idea of Intelligence Testing
Statistical Correlation and Regression
Other Contributions
Galton’s Influence and Continuing Controversies
Twin Studies and the Heritability of Intelligence
The Burt and Jensen Affairs
The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart
Suggested Resources
8 American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
James’s Early Life
James the Teacher
The Principles of Psychology
The Stream of Consciousness
Habit
Emotion
Will
James’s Later Career
The Philosophy of Pragmatism
The Varieties of Religious Experience
A Continuing Influence
Hall: Institution Building and Child Studies
Institutional Innovations
Child Study and Developmental Theory
An Unlikely Legacy
Calkins: Associative Learning and Self-Psychology
Graduate Education: Challenges and Accomplishments
Psychology at a Women’s College
Heidbreder and Seven Psychologies
Thorndike: Intelligence, Learning, and Education
A Puzzle Box Ph.D.
Functionalism
Suggested Resources
9. Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner
Pavlov’s Early Life and Career
Pavlov’s Laboratory
The Physiology of Digestion
Conditioned Reflexes
Generalization, Differentiation, and Experimental Neuroses
Pavlov’s Theory of the Brain
Pavlov’s Influence
Watson’s Early Life and Career
The Founding of Behaviorism
Watson’s Behavioristic Writings
Conditioned Emotional Reactions
Advertising and Behaviorism
From Little Albert to Little Peter
Psychological Care of Infant and Child
Watson’s Legacy
Skinner’s Early Life and Career
Operant Conditioning
Behavior Shaping and Programmed Instruction
Philosophical Implications of Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s Influence
Suggested Resources
10. Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
Mesmer and Animal Magnetism
Claims and Controversies
From Mesmerism to Hypnotism
Puységur’s Artificial Somnambulism and Faria’s Lucid Sleep
Mesmeric Anesthesia to Hypnotism
The Nancy-Salpêtrière Controversy
The Salpêtrière School
The Triumph of the Nancy School
The Psychology of Crowds
Binet’s Experiments on Suggestion
The New Discipline of Social Psychology
Asch and Social Conformity
Festinger and Cognitive Dissonance
Milgram and the Obedience Studies
Ethical Concerns and Consequences
Social Influence Today
Loftus and the “Lost in the Mall” Technique
Suggested Resources
11. Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors
The Origins of Psychoanalysis
Freud’s Early Life
Free Association
The Interpretation of Dreams
Wish Fulfillment and the Seduction Theory
Self-Analysis and Childhood Sexuality
Psychoanalytic Therapy and the Case of Dora
Later Psychoanalytic Theory
Metapsychology and the Defense Mechanisms
Male and Female Superegos
Disciples and Dissidents
Adler and Individual Psychology
Jung and Analytical Psychology
Freud and Academic Psychology
Suggested Resources
12. Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field
Allport and Personality Psychology
The Emergence of “Personality”
Creating a Discipline
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation
Personality Psychology Comes of Age
Nomothetic Studies: The Analysis of Traits
Idiographic Approaches: Personology and Psychobiography
Allport’s Later Career
Religion and Prejudice
Prominent Students
Maslow and Humanistic Psychology
A Paradoxical Early Life
Wisconsin Psychology and the Social Behavior of Monkeys
New York as the “New Athens”
An Anthropological Mentor: Benedict
Neo-Freudian Mentors: Adler, Horney, and Fromm
Gestalt Mentors: Wertheimer and Goldstein
Maslow’s Theory of Human Motivation
Self-Actualization
The Hierarchy of Needs
A Positive Approach to Psychology
Establishing a Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic Allies: Rogers, May, and Allport
Maslow’s Late Writings and the Legacy of Positive Psychology
Suggested Resources
13. The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence
Binet’s Early Life and Career
Individual Psychology
The Binet Intelligence Tests
The 1905 Tests
The 1908 and 1911 Revisions
The Rise of Intelligence Testing
General Intelligence and Intelligence Quotients
Feeblemindedness and Giftedness
Deviation IQs and the Flynn Effect
Piaget’s Early Life and Career
Genetic Epistemology and the Stages of Development
Sensory-Motor and Preoperational Intelligence
Concrete and Formal Operations
Piagetian Influences and Reactions
Suggested Resources
14. Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology
Pascal, Leibniz, and the Origins of Artificial Intelligence
Babbage, Lovelace, and the Analytical Engine
Turing’s Machine and Shannon’s Binary Switches
Intelligent Machines and Information Theory
Logic Theorist and General Problem Solver
TOTE Units
Computer Triumphs and Limitations
Improbabalist and Impossibilist Creativity
Strong and Weak Artificial Intelligence
Miller and the Study of Cognition
Chomsky and Psycholinguistics
Bruner and the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies
A Cognitive “Revolution”?
Neisser and Cognitive Psychology
Machine Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence
A New Academic Subdiscipline
Suggested Resources
15. Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace
Münsterberg and Psychology in the Courtroom
Münsterberg’s Early Life
Abandoning the Laboratory
Psychology in Business and Industry
Taylor and Scientific Management
Finding the Right Worker for the Job
Scott and the Psychology of Advertising
Marston and Popular Psychology
Gilbreth and the Psychology of Management
California Origins
Efficiency and the Worker
Spreading the “One Best Way”
Managing the Home and Nation
Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies: Origins of the Human Relations Movement
Australian Origins
The Changing Workplace
What Happened at Hawthorne
Interpretations and Legacy
Hollingworth: Clinician, Feminist, Professionalizer
Early Years
Becoming a Psychologist
Pioneering the Psychology of Women
Professionalizer of Clinical Psychology
From Margin to Center: Application Takes Hold
Suggested Resources
16. The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology
Harrower’s Journey
From Experimentalist to Clinician
Rorschach Encounters
Researching the Rorschach
Becoming “Properly Clinical”
Shakow and the Scientist-Practitioner Model
Training and Credentialing
Critics of the Model: Albee and Eysenck
Making Psychotherapy Scientific
Rogers and Client-Centered Therapy
Psychotherapy Research
Beck and the Development of Cognitive Therapy
Breaking Away from Psychoanalysis
The Cognitive Theory of Depression
Making Cognitive Therapy Scientific
Psychotherapy Research Revisited: Treating Depression
Hathaway and the MMPI
From Inkblots to Profile Plots
Contemporary Issues and Debates
Suggested Resources
Notes
Glossary
Credits
Index

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Test Bank for Pioneers of Psychology, 5th Edition, Raymond E. Fancher, Alexandra Rutherford,

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