Test Bank for Physiology of Behavior, 10th Edition: Carlson

Product details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0205666272
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0205666270
• Author: Neil Carlson, U Mass Amherst

The latest discoveries in the rapidly changing fields of neuroscience and physiological psychology are all incorporated in The Tenth Edition of Physiology of Behavior. This classic text continues its tradition as the most comprehensive, current, and teachable text for physiological psychology.

Table contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Chapter 2 Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System 28

Chapter 3 Structure of the Nervous System 68

Chapter 4 Psychopharmacology 102

Chapter 5 Methods and Strategies of Research 134

Chapter 6 Vision 169

Chapter 7 Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Sense 212

Chapter 8 Control of Movement 262

Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms 295

Chapter 10 Reproductive Behavior 329

Chapter 11 Emotion 366

Chapter 12 Ingestive Behavior 400

Chapter 13 Learning and Memory 439

Chapter 14 Human Communication 485

Chapter 15 Neurological Disorders 520

Chapter 16 Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders 554

Chapter 17 Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders 585

Chapter 18 Drug Abuse 613

Detailed Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH

Blindsight 4

Split Brains 4

Unilateral Neglect 7

Interim Summary 9

THE NATURE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 9

The Goals of Research 10

Biological Roots of Physiological Psychology 10

Interim Summary 14

NATURAL SELECTION AND EVOLUTION 14

Functionalism and the Inheritance of Traits 14

Evolution of the Human Species 17

Evolution of Large Brains 20

Interim Summary 22

ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH WITH ANIMALS 23

CAREERS IN NEUROSCIENCE 24

Interim Summary 25

STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING 26

SUGGESTED READINGS 27

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 27

Chapter 2 Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System 28

CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 30

Neurons 30

Supporting Cells 36

The Blood-Brain Barrier 40

Interim Summary 41

COMMUNICATION WITHIN A NEURON 42

Neural Communication: An Overview 42

Measuring Electrical Potentials of Axons 43

The Membrane Potential: Balance of Two Forces 45

The Action Potential 47

Conduction of the Action Potential 49

Interim Summary 52

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NEURONS 53

Structure of Synapses 53

Release of Neurotransmitter 55

Activation of Receptors 57

Postsynaptic Potentials 59

Termination of Postsynaptic Potentials 60

Effects of Postsynaptic Potentials: Neural Integration 62

Autoreceptors 62

Other Types of Synapses 63

Nonsynaptic Chemical Communication 64

Interim Summary 66

SUGGESTED READINGS 67

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 67

Chapter 3 Structure of the Nervous System 68

BASIC FEATURES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 69

An Overview 72

Meninges 72

The Ventricular System and Production of CSF 73

Interim Summary 76

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 76

Development of the Central Nervous System 77

The Forebrain 82

The Midbrain 91

The Hindbrain 93

The Spinal Cord 94

Interim Summary 95

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 96

Spinal Nerves 96

Cranial Nerves 97

The Autonomic Nervous System 97

Interim Summary 101

SUGGESTED READINGS 101

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 101

Chapter 4 Psychopharmacology 102

PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 104

Pharmacokinetics 104

Drug Effectiveness 107

Effects of Repeated Administration 108

Placebo Effects 109

Interim Summary 110

SITES OF DRUG ACTION 110

Effects on Production of Neurotransmitters 111

Effects on Storage and Release of Neurotransmitters 111

Effects on Receptors 112

Effects on Reuptake or Destruction of Neurotransmitters 113

Interim Summary 114

NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND NEUROMODULATORS 114

Acetylcholine 115

The Monamines 118

Amino Acids 124

Peptides 127

Lipids 128

Nucleosides 130

Soluble Gases 130

Interim Summary 131

SUGGESTED READINGS 133

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 133

Chapter 5 Methods and Strategies of Research 134

EXPERIMENTAL ABLATION 136

Evaluating the Behavioral Effects of Brain Damage 136

Producing Brain Lesions 136

Stereotaxic Surgery138

Histological Methods 139

Tracing Neural Connections 143

Studying the Structure of the Living Human Brain 146

Interim Summary 149

RECORDING AND STIMULATING NEURAL ACTIVITY 151

Recording Neural Activity 151

Recording the Brain’s Metabolic Activity 153

Stimulating Neural Activity 155

Interim Summary 159

NEUROCHEMICAL METHODS 160

Finding Neurons That Produce Particular Neurochemicals 160

Localizing Particular Receptors 162

Measuring Chemicals Secreted in the Brain 163

Interim Summary 164

GENETIC METHODS 165

Twin Studies 166

Adoption Studies 166

Targeted Mutations 166

Antisense Oligonucleotides 167

Interim Summary 167

SUGGESTED READINGS 167

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 168

Chapter 6 Vision 169

THE STIMULUS 171

ANATOMY OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM 172

The Eyes 172

Photoreceptors 174

Connections Between Eye and Brain 176

Interim Summary 178

CODING OF VISUAL INFORMATION IN THE RETINA 179

Coding of Light and Dark 179

Coding of Color 181

Interim Summary 185

ANALYSIS OF VISUAL INFORMATION: ROLE OF THE STRIATE CORTEX 186

Anatomy of the Striate Cortex 186

Orientation and Movement 186

Spatial Frequency 187

Retinal Disparity 189

Color 189

Modular Organization of the Striate Cortex 190

Interim Summary 191

ANALYSIS OF VISUAL INFORMATION: ROLE OF THE VISUAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX 192

Two Streams of Visual Analysis 192

Perception of Color 195

Perception of Form 196

Perception of Movement 202

Perception of Spatial Location 206

Interim Summary 209

SUGGESTED READINGS 211

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 211

Chapter 7 Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Sense 212

AUDIITON 212

The Stimulus 212

Anatomy of the Ear 214

Auditory Hair Cells and the Transduction of Auditory Information 216

The Auditory Pathway 218

Perception of Pitch 221

Perception of Loudness 224

Perception of Timbre 224

Perception of Spatial Location 225

Perception of Complex Sounds 229

Interim Summary 233

VESTIBULAR SYSTEM 234

Anatomy of the Vestibular Apparatus 234

The Receptor Cells 235

The Vestibular Pathway 235

Interim Summary 237

SOMATOSENSES 237

The Stimuli 237

Anatomy of the Skin and Its Receptive Organs 238

Perception of Cutaneous Stimulation 238

The Somatosensory Pathways 242

Perception of Pain 243

Interim Summary 248

GUSTATION 250

The Stimuli 250

Anatomy of the Taste Buds and Gustatory Cells 250

Perception of Gustatory Information 251

The Gustatory Pathway 253

Interim Summary 254

OLFACTION 255

The Stimulus 255

Anatomy of the Olfactory Apparatus 255

Transduction of Olfactory Information 257

Perception of Specific Odors 257

Interim Summary 260

SUGGESTED READINGS 260

ADDITIONAL RESOURC ES 261

Chapter 8 Control of Movement 262

MUSCLES 263

Skeletal Muscle 263

Smooth Muscle 266

Cardiac Muscle 267

Interim Summary 267

REFLEXIVE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT 268

The Monosynaptic Stretch Reflex 268

The Gamma Motor System 270

Polysynaptic Reflexes 270

Interim Summary 272

CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE BRAIN 272

Organization of the Motor Cortex 273

Cortical Control of Movement: The Descending Pathways 274

Planning and Initiating Movements: Role of the Motor Association Cortex 277

Imitating and Comprehending Movements: Role of the Mirror Neuron System 280

Control of Reaching and Grasping 283

Deficits of Skilled Movements: The Apraxias 284

The Basal Ganglia 285

The Cerebellum 289

The Reticular Formation 292

Interim Summary 293

SUGGESTED READINGS 294

ADDITONAL RESOURCES 294

Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms 295

A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTION OF SLEEP 295

Stages of Sleep 295

Mental Activity During Sleep 300

Interim Summary 301

DISORDERS OF SLEEP 301

Insomnia 301

Narcolepsy 302

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder 304

Problems Associated with Slow-Wave Sleep 304

Interim Summary 305

WHY DO WE SLEEP? 306

Functions of Slow-Wave Sleep 306

Functions of REM Sleep 308

Sleep and Learning 309

Interim Summary 310

PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SLEEP AND WAKING 311

Chemical Control of Sleep 311

Neural Control of Arousal 312

Neural Control of Slow-Wave Sleep 314

Neural Control of REM Sleep 317

Interim Summary 320

BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS 321

Circadian Rhythms and Zeitgebers 321

The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 322

Control of Seasonal Rhythms: The Pineal Gland and Melatonin 326

Changes in Circadian Rhythms: Shift Work and Jet Lag 327

Interim Summary 328

SUGGESTED READINGS 328

SUGGESTED READINGS 328

Chapter 10 Reproductive Behavior 329

SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT 330

Production of Gametes and Fertilization 330

Development of the Sex Organs 331

Sexual Maturation 334

Interim Summary 336

HORMONAL CONTROL OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 337 Hormonal Control of Female Reproductive Cycles 338

Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior of Laboratory Animals 338

Organizational Effects of Androgens on Behavior: Masculinization and Defeminization 340

Effects of Pheromones 341

Human Sexual Behavior 344

Sexual Orientation 346

Interim Summary 352

NEURAL CONTROL OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 353

Males 353

Females 355

Formation of Pair Bonds 358

Interim Summary 359

PARENTAL BEHAVIOR 360

Maternal Behavior of Rodents 360

Hormonal Control of Maternal Behavior 361

Neural Control of Maternal Behavior 362

Neural Control of Paternal Behavior 364

Interim Summary 364

SUGGESTED READINGS 365

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 365

Chapter 11 Emotion 366

EMOTIONS AS RESPONSE PATTERNS 367

Fear 368

Anger, Aggression, and Impulse Control 372

Hormonal Control of Aggressive Behavior 380

Interim Summary 384

COMMUNICATION OF EMOTIONS 385

Facial Expression of Emotions: Innate Responses 385

Neural Basis of the Communication of Emotions: Recognition 386

Neural Basis of the Communication of Emotions: Expression 391

Interim Summary 395

FEELINGS OF EMOTIONS 396

The James-Lange Theory 396

Feedback from Simulated Emotions 397

Interim Summary 399

SUGGESTED READINGS 399

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 399

Chapter 12 Ingestive Behavior 400

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