Test Bank for Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist 4th Edition by Perry

Product details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9781455703692
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1455703692
• Author: Perry

Description:

Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.    Which plaque scoring system evaluates the amount of plaque at the gingival margin?

ANS:   B

The Plaque Index of Silness and Löe is designed to evaluate the quantity of plaque at the gingival margin.

PTS:    1

2.    Which index has both a debris and calculus index that can be combined for an oral hygiene index?

ANS:   D

The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index of Greene and Vermillion (OHI-S) has both a plaque and a debris index.

PTS:    1

3.    Which index uses a specially designed periodontal probe called the World Health Organization probe?

ANS:   D

The Community Index of Periodontal Treatment Needs (CIPTN) has a specially designed probe for making measurements.

PTS:    1

4.    The 1987 national data on the oral health of United States adults showed that calculus is present in approximately:

ANS:   B

Calculus has been shown to be present on approximately one-third of adults.

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5.    Tobacco use is associated with increased levels of periodontal disease. It has multiple systemic effects that alter the inflammatory process.

ANS:   A

Both statements are true. Tobacco has many effects on the immune system and its use is clearly linked to increased incidence of periodontal disease.

PTS:    1

Please use the description to answer the following questions.

In an epidemiologic study of periodontal disease, the dental hygienist identified a population of 100 individuals but could only select 50 for examination because of time and resource constraints. All individuals were to be examined within two weeks while they were visiting the local dental clinic. The dental hygienist planned to probe all teeth in each subject and set the definition of disease at 1 probe depth of 4 mm. The dental hygienist was also interested in identifying risk factors; therefore, subjects were questioned regarding age, socioeconomic status, and smoking status. Both men and women were to be included in the study and were in equal proportion in the population of 100.

6.    What kind of epidemiologic study is planned?

ANS:   C

This is a small cross-sectional study of patients who came for treatment to this particular clinic.

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7.    When the data were collected on the 50 subjects, how broadly could the findings be generalized?

ANS:   D

The results could be generalized to the population of 100 because the dental hygienist took a random sample for evaluation.

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8.    What is the best way to identify the 50 subjects from the population of 100?

ANS:   B

Random selection provides an unbiased sample of patients.

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9.    What is the best way for the researcher to evaluate smoking among the population?

ANS:   B

Define smoking, and identify the group of smokers that meets the criteria.

PTS:    1

10. Ten of the subjects in the study group met the criterion for having periodontal disease. The percent of the SAMPLE with periodontal disease was:

ANS:   A

20% of the sample of 50 subjects had periodontal disease.

PTS:    1

11. The dental hygienist was able to generalize the results to the broader population. The percent of the population with periodontal disease was:

ANS:   A

20% of the population had periodontal disease.

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12. Two of the individuals in the SAMPLE group with no evidence of periodontal disease SMOKED. What was the number in the sample who did NOT smoke and did NOT have periodontal disease?

ANS:   C

The sample was 50 subjects. Two who did not have periodontal disease smoked, and 10 had periodontal disease. So, of the 50 subjects, 38 did not smoke and did not have periodontal disease.

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13. Two of the individuals in the studied SAMPLE group who had periodontal disease also SMOKED. What percent of the SAMPLE with periodontal disease SMOKED?

ANS:   C

Two subjects of the 10 who had periodontal disease also smoked. Therefore, 20% of those with periodontal disease also smoked.

PTS:    1

14. What percent of the study POPULATION both SMOKED and had periodontal disease?

ANS:   C

Because the results can be generalized to the population, 20% of the population with periodontal disease also smoked.

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15. There were NO gender differences identified in the sample studied; both men and women in the study group demonstrated the same characteristics of smoking and periodontal disease. What conclusion can the dental hygienist draw about the effects of gender on periodontal disease in this population?

ANS:   A

In this study the results were equal for men and women, so the dental hygienist can say that in this study population results did not differ by gender.

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Test Bank

Chapter 5: Calculus and Other Disease-Associated Factors

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.    The mineral content of subgingival calculus is derived from:

ANS:   D

Minerals that make up subgingival calculus come from the crevicular fluid.

PTS:    1

2.    How long does it take for plaque biofilm to begin to mineralize?

ANS:   A

Plaque biofilm begins to mineralize quickly, after just a few hours, and becomes about 90% mineralized in about 12 days.

PTS:    1

3.    Each of the following characteristics is related to increased rates of calculus formation EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?

ANS:   C

Individual inhibitory factors help to slow calculus formation.

PTS:    1

4.    Subgingival calculus is always covered with dental plaque biofilm. The presence of subgingival calculus and plaque biofilm causes greater progression of periodontal disease than plaque biofilm alone.

ANS:   A

Both statements are true. Calculus and its associated plaque bioflim has been shown to be associated with greater disease progression than plaque biofilm alone.

PTS:    1

5.    The common name for calculus, “tartar,” was introduced by:

ANS:   A

Paracelsus created the term “tartar” because the accumulations seen on teeth resembled deposits called “tartars” on the bottom of wine casks.

PTS:    1

6.    Calculus becomes firmly attached to the tooth surfaces through which mechanism(s)?

ANS:   D

Calculus becomes attached through plaque biofilm adherence to pellicle and by mechanical locking to the tooth structure.

PTS:    1

7.    Subgingival calculus forms throughout the mouth. Regular calculus removal results in attachment loss.

ANS:   C

The first statement is true. Subgingival calculus can form on any tooth in the mouth. The periodontium is preserved through calculus (and plaque biofilm) removal, not damaged by it.

PTS:    1

8.    Adequate plaque biofilm control is more difficult to achieve with restored teeth. This is because poorly contoured restorations do not retain plaque.

ANS:   C

The first statement is true. Restorations often make plaque biofilm control more difficult to perform adequately, and rough or poorly contoured restorations can provide places for biofilm to remain protected from cleaning efforts.

PTS:    1

9.    Significant tissue improvement occurs with calculus removal. Tissue health is unaffected by poorly contoured restorations.

ANS:   C

The first statement is true. Tissue health is improved with calculus removal. Poorly contoured restorations can limit the effectiveness of treatment because they make treatment by the dental hygienist and home care by the patient more difficult to perform.

PTS:    1

10. The hygienic pontic, one that is easy for the patient to keep clean, should have what characteristics?

ANS:   B

The hygienic pontic should be spherical in shape and far enough away from the gingiva to allow good plaque biofilm control.

PTS:    1

11. The loss of the first molar is associated with periodontal disease. This condition can affect the extent and severity of disease.

ANS:   A

Both statements are true. The loss of the first molar has not been proven to initiate periodontal disease but it is associated with gingival inflammation and pocket formation.

PTS:    1

12. Removable partial dentures are important to clean. They are associated with deeper pockets and caries susceptibility, especially on abutment teeth.

ANS:   A

Both statements are true. Removable appliances accumulate calculus like any tooth surface in the mouth. Natural teeth in function with removable partial denture appliances are more susceptible to caries and periodontal pocketing than nonabutment teeth.

PTS:    1

13. Orthodontic bands and brackets are associated with which of the following conditions?

ANS:   A

Orthodontic appliances are associated with increased amounts of plaque biofilm and gingivitis.

PTS:    1

14. The risk of severe periodontal disease is increased by approximately what amount for those who smoke tobacco products?

ANS:   C

The risk of severe periodontal disease is greatly increased for smokers, by as much as 2.8 times.

PTS:    1

15. The toxic effects of tobacco are caused by:

ANS:   D

Smoking has many effects on both the tissues and the immune response.

PTS:    1

16. The risk of periodontal disease is increased for moderate drinkers. The protective effects of alcohol consumption and presence of social habits must be considered when discussing these risk indicators with patients.

ANS:   A

Both statements are true. Alcohol consumption is considered a risk indicator for periodontal disease, and those who drink alcohol are more likely to have the disease than those who do not drink. Social drinking is a common phenomenon and the dental hygienist must be aware of this association.

PTS:    1

17. Subgingival calculus is associated with which of the following?

ANS:   A

Subgingival calculus is associated with attachment loss and aggressive forms of periodontal disease.

PTS:    1

18. The results of calculus removal include:

ANS:   A

Calculus removal results in improved tissue tone, changes in tissue color, and gingival shrinkage.

PTS:    1

19. Hydroxyapatite is the predominant crystal type in mature supragingival calculus. About 80% of supragingival calculus is made up of minerals.

ANS:   A

Both statements are true. Calculus is mostly hydroxyapatite crystals, and its mineral content is about 80%.

PTS:    1

20. Subgingival calculus is made up of crystals that can grow into cemental irregularities and bond to tooth structure. These qualities are important to understand because they explain why:

ANS:   C

Intercrystalline bonding and formation into tooth surface irregularities make subgingival calculus more tenacious than supragingival calculus.

PTS:    1

Test Bank

Chapter 7: Periodontal Diseases

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.    Periodontal disease can be assumed to be progressing when:

ANS:   C

Increasing attachment loss over time indicates that periodontal disease is progressing.

PTS:    1

2.    Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease because:

ANS:   A

Gingival healing is altered by the effects of tobacco so that it is slower.

PTS:    1

3.    All of the following diseases are forms of aggressive periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

ANS:   A

Chronic periodontitis is not a form of aggressive disease.

PTS:    1

4.    Systemic antibiotic therapy may be useful in the treatment of some forms of periodontitis. The microbial flora in chronic periodontitis is composed of known amounts of specific pathogens.

ANS:   C

The first statement is true. Antibiotic therapy can be helpful in cases where periodontal disease does not respond to standard mechanical therapy. However, plaque biofilm associated with periodontal disease varies widely from site to site and individual to individual, so the disease is not generally treated with antibiotics that target specific classes of microorganisms.

PTS:    1

5.    The most useful antibiotic for augmenting the treatment of juvenile periodontitis is penicillin. The microbial flora of this form of the aggressive disease is composed of up to 90% A. actinomycetemcomitans.

ANS:   D

The second statement is true. The antibiotics used to treat localized aggressive (juvenile) periodontitis are forms of tetracycline, and the disease is characterized by very large proportions of A.a.

PTS:    1

6.    All of the following are true concerning combined endodontic-periodontic lesions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

ANS:   E

Periodontal therapy should not be performed before endodontic treatment of the tooth because the associated periodontal lesion is likely to improve from the endodontic therapy, and the potential for regeneration of tissues on the root surface is better if the lesion has not been altered by scaling and root planing.

PTS:    1

7.    Local “site-specific” antimicrobial pocket therapy may be useful as an adjunct to periodontal scaling and root planing for which of the following reasons?

ANS:   D

Site-specific antibiotic therapy can be useful because it places a high dose of the drug at the location of the infection.

PTS:    1

8.    Genetic testing for chronic periodontal diseases is of interest because:

ANS:   D

Studies of twins have shown that there may be a genetic link to periodontal disease.

PTS:    1

9.    Certain aggressive forms of periodontal disease may cause tooth loss at an early age because:

ANS:   B

Host factors make periodontal therapy less successful in very young patients and often lead to early tooth loss despite treatment.

PTS:    1

10. The most important host factor in determining the progression of periodontitis and bone loss is:

ANS:   E

The inflammatory response of the host is the single most important determinant of disease progression.

PTS:    1

11. Developmental conditions that may contribute to periodontitis include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is that EXCEPTION?

ANS:   D

The cusps of Carabelli is a developmental feature of the crowns of molar teeth and is not related to periodontal disease.

PTS:    1

12. A painful periodontal condition characterized by punched out dental papilla crestal bone loss with a white pseudomembranous surface is called:

ANS:   E

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is characterized by these symptoms, and the development of pseudomembrane is always related to this infection.

PTS:    1

13. All of the following systemic conditions have been associated with untreated advanced periodontal diseases EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

ANS:   C

Osteoporosis is not associated with periodontal bone loss.

PTS:    1

14. All of the following are characteristics of chronic periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

ANS:   C

Chronic periodontitis can be found on any tooth in the mouth and is not isolated to lower anterior and maxillary molar teeth.

PTS:    1

15. All of the following treatment options are useful in treating moderate chronic periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

ANS:   A

Systemic antibiotic therapy has not been shown to be useful in treating chronic periodontitis because it is not helpful to target organisms in this mixed infection.

PTS:    1

16. Dental plaque biofilm associated with chronic periodontitis is predominantly:

ANS:   C

The plaque associated with periodontal diseases is predominantly Gram-negative.

PTS:    1

17. The dental hygienist should consider referring the patient with periodontitis:

ANS:   A

The dental hygienist working with the dentist should consider referring advanced cases of periodontal disease for specialist care.

PTS:    1

18. Poor oral hygiene is of concern in the development of bacterial pneumonia in the elderly nursing home population because:

ANS:   B

Virulent bacteria that cause pneumonias are found in the plaque biofilm, so patients who are weak, such as those living in nursing homes, are susceptible to these serious infections.

PTS:    1

19. The severe form of aggressive periodontitis called prepubertal periodontitis is:

ANS:   B

Prepubertal periodontal disease is associated with host factors including white blood cell defects.

PTS:    1

20. The plaque biofilm associated with juvenile periodontitis is present in small amounts considering the severity of the periodontal defects because:

ANS:   B

A.a. found in aggressive juvenile periodontitis does not form much extracellular matrix so bacteria cannot coaggregate into large masses of plaque biofilm.

PTS:    1

21. The dental hygienist should consider recommending a thorough medical evaluation for:

ANS:   E

Patients who have periodontal destruction beyond what would be expected when considering the amount of plaque biofilm and calculus on the teeth may have some additional systemic problems. These patients may need further consultation regarding other diseases or conditions that are affecting their periodontal health.

PTS:    1

22. The significance of probing depth measurements is that it provides:

ANS:   B

Probing depth measurements tell only the depth of the pocket, not its relationship to the tooth and gingiva.

PTS:    1

23. The significance of the clinical attachment loss (CAL) measurement is that it provides:

ANS:   D

Clinical attachment loss (CAL) measurements provide an assessment of the amount of attachment remaining on the tooth.

PTS:    1

24. Bone is an active tissue characterized by continuous formation and resorption. It is possible to determine the precise time that bone loss caused by periodontal disease begins.

ANS:   C

The first statement is true. Bone is constantly remodeling, so it is not possible to determine the precise moment when periodontal disease begins its destructive processes.

PTS:    1

25. Systemic antibiotic therapy should be used in the treatment of periodontal diseases when:

ANS:   D

The best use of antibiotics in periodontal therapy is as an adjunct to treatment. When the patient is not responding well to therapy even though it was well performed and good daily plaque control is occurring, specific microorganisms can be identified so that antibiotic treatment may improve the result.

PTS:    1

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