Test Bank for Leadership Theory and Practice, 6th Edition, Peter G. Northouse,

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Table of content

1. Introduction
2.Trait Approach
3. Skills Approach
4. Style Approach
5. Situational Approach
6. Contingency Theory
7. Path–Goal Theory
8. Leader–Member Exchange Theory
9. Transformational Leadership
10. Servant Leadership
11. Authentic Leadership
12. Team Leadership
13. Psychodynamic Approach
14. Women and Leadership
15. Culture and Leadership
16. Leadership Ethics

Chapter 1

1. Argued that the major activities of management and leadership are played out differently; but both are essential to an organization:
A) Jago
B) Zaleznik
C) Kotter
D) Bass
E) Burns

2. Argued that leaders and managers are distinct; they are different types of people:
A) Jago
B) Zaleznik
C) Kotter
D) Bass
E) Burns

3. Leaders’ power to provide pay raises and promotions is
A) Reward
B) Coercive
C) Legitimate
D) Referent
E) Expert

4. What type of power did Bill Gates have when he and Paul Allen started Microsoft?
A) Reward
B) Coercive
C) Legitimate
D) Referent
E) Expert

5. Defining leadership as a process means
A) It is an inborn trait or characteristic.
B) It is a transactional event.
C) It is focused on influence.
D) It may only take place in groups.
E) It requires shared goals.

6. The following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership:
A) The focus of group process
B) An artistic process
C) A behavior
D) A personality trait
E) An instrument of goal achievement

7. The primary functions of management are
A) Planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling.
B) Forming, storming, norming, and reforming.
C) Building, breaking down, rebuilding, and maintaining.
D) Ruling, listening, adapting, and adjusting.
E) Directing, framing, extending, and encouraging.

8. Some positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence are
A) Sense of humor, facial expressiveness.
B) Asking questions, being flexible.
C) Differentiating oneself from the group, challenging group norms.
D) Being informed, initiating new ideas.
E) Being dominant, speaking frequently.

9. Leadership definitions have evolved during the 20th century in the following way:
A) The trait approach remains the most popular approach over time.
B) A leader’s power remains a key requirement for goal accomplishment.
C) Transformational leadership was formulated in the 1960s.
D) Focus on leadership effectiveness became prominent in the 1970s.
E) Leadership research peaked in the 1980s.

10. Fisher associates all of the following positive communication behaviors with emergent leadership, except:
A) Being verbally involved
B) Establishing roles
C) Seeking others’ opinions
D) Initiating new ideas
E) Being firm but not rigid

11. You are told you need to work weekends. Your supervisor gives you a pay raise in return. What type of power is your supervisor using?
A) Referent
B) Expert
C) Legitimate
D) Reward
E) Coercive

12. Leadership is a phenomenon that takes place in the context of the interaction between leaders and followers. This viewpoint would suggest leadership is accessible by all:
A) Reward
B) Referent
C) Process
D) Trait
E) Legitimate

13. You really enjoy working for your boss and look up to her or him as a role model. You are more than willing to work hard for the organization because of your relationship with your boss. This is an example of
A) Legitimate power
B) Coercive power
C) Position power
D) Personal power
E) Reward power

14. On the way to track practice you get pulled over for speeding. When you arrive to practice late, the coach makes you run laps. This is an example of
A) Legitimate power
B) Coercive power
C) Expert power
D) Personal power
E) Reward power

15. Often leadership occurs within a context where one individual influences a group of others to accomplish goals. Which best describes this component of leadership?
A) Leadership occurs in groups.
B) Leadership involves influence.
C) Leadership includes organizations.
D) Leadership includes attention to common goals.
E) Leadership includes roles.

16. Watson and Hoffman’s study on leadership emergence with regard to gender-biased perceptions would suggest:
A) Influential women were rated the same as men in terms of leadership.
B) Women are much more likeable than men.
C) Emergence in leadership has little to do with gender bias.
D) There continues to be barriers to women’s emergence as leaders in some settings.
E) Men are always more influential within groups and organizations.

17. Kotter suggested that management produces_______ and ________.
A) Change and structure
B) Vision and order
C) Order and consistency
D) Change and movement
E) Motivation and inspiration

18. Although there are clear differences between management and leadership,
A) There is little research to support one or the other.
B) Leadership is more valued than management.
C) The two constructs overlap.
D) Management is more valued than leadership.
E) Both require specific types of leaders.

19. In which way will leadership and power be approached in upcoming chapters?
A) As a form of coercion.
B) As positional power.
C) From the perspective of the follower.
D) As a relational concern for both leaders and followers.
E) As a tool to be used by the leader.

20. Social identity theory would suggest leadership emergence occurs when:
A) The group identifies with the leader.
B) They acquire the skills to do the job well.
C) The group assigns them the role of leader.
D) They become most like the group prototype.

21. Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for practitioners and researchers because:
A) Its appeal is limited to academics and scholars.
B) Very little research has been done.
C) It has not received much attention.
D) It is a highly valued phenomenon that is very complex.
E) It is too simplistic in nature.

22. Your parents and older siblings are all successful elected officials. After graduation, it is suggested by many that you should seek office and, in turn, offer you their support. Which best describes the leadership approach being demonstrated?
A) Style approach to leadership
B) Leadership as a process
C) Trait perspective
D) Expert power
E) Influence

23. As captain of the soccer team, your primary concern is winning games and maintaining the strength of the team. Your players could care less about teamwork and just want to win. Which component of leadership would you recommend the leader focuses on?
A) Roles
B) Common goals
C) Process
D) Influence
E) Power

24. The leader is at the core of group change and activity, representing the backbone of the group or organization. Leadership is viewed as:
A) Focus of group processes
B) Personality perspective
C) Leadership as an act
D) Leadership as a behavior
E) Skills perspective

25. Who is said to actually engage in leadership?
A) Followers
B) Groups
C) Leaders
D) Organizations
E) People with power

T F 26. The research on leadership generally has found it to be a relatively simple process.

T F 27. More than 60 different leadership classification systems have been developed.

T F 28. Leadership occurs in both large and small groups.

T F 29. According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly.

T F 30. The earliest leadership theories in the 20th century emphasized control and centralization of power.

T F 31. The view that leadership is a behavior rather than a trait emerged in the 1930s.

T F 32. An individual perceived by other group members as influential can only be an assigned leader, not an emergent one.

T F 33. A boss by definition usually has position power over subordinates.

T F 34. Leaders who use coercion are generally mostly interested in their own goals, rather than those of subordinates.

T F 35. Kotter argues that managerial and leadership functions are really quite similar.

T F 36. A factor common to the leadership classification systems is the view of leadership as a process of influence.

T F 37. Followers usually are responsible for maintaining the relationship with leaders.

T F 38. The process definition of leadership states that certain individuals have inborn qualities that differentiate them from nonleaders.

39. Using Hogg’s social identity theory, how could you coach a minority person who aspires to leadership in his or her organization?

40. Defend or refute: Men and women are equally likely to emerge as leaders in mixed sex groups.

41. Using Kotter’s functions of management and leadership model to support your argument, would you rather your direct supervisor be a leader or a manager? Use Kotter’s model as a reference to the specifics of each.

42. Using the definition of leadership as stated in the text–“Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal”–create an example where a leader uses and demonstrates each component effectively. Clearly explain and show how each component is present in your example. Use examples from the text to support your claims.

Answer Key

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. E
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. E
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. A
16. D
17. C
18. C
19. D
20. D
21. D
22. C
23. B
24. A
25. C
26. False
27. True
28. True
29. False
30. True
31. False
32. False
33. True
34. True
35. True
36. True
37. False
38. False
39. There are two facets to this answer: First, social identity theory suggests that emergence is tied to a person’s fit with the identity of the group as a whole. If a minority person does not fit the racial/ethnic/gender profile of the majority, then he or she should identify other dimensions of the group identity with which he or she does fit, such as political ideology or group mission, and highlight those when seeking leadership. Second, research on emergent leadership identifies some positive communication behaviors associated with leader emergence. Coaches should help individuals practice speaking up in meetings, being well informed, being good listeners and seeking out others’ ideas, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid.
40. Research on emergent leadership identifies some positive communication behaviors associated with leader emergence: speaking up in meetings, being well informed, being a good listener and seeking out others’ ideas, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid. At the same time, when men and women engage in these behaviors, they are perceived differently by group members. In Watson and Hoffman’s 2004 study, men and women were seen as equally influential, but women were rated lower on leadership and likability. Depending on the group and task, women and men may not have equal opportunity to emerge as group leaders.
41. Either manager or leader could be chosen here as long as the answer is well supported. A leader choice should consist of the key aspects suggested by Kotter: producing change and movement, establishing direction, aligning people, and motivating and inspiring. The same should be done if manager is chosen, focusing again on the following points: produces order and consistency, planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving.
42. The following should be clearly identified and supported: Process–leadership discussed as an interaction between leader and followers, as well as emphasis on its availability to everyone. Influence–a specific mention of how said influence is applied within the example. Groups–the context of the example should in some way take place within a group or organizational setting. Common goals–the goals of both the leader and the follower should be mentioned and discussed as they relate to the other aspects of the definition.