Test Bank for Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 13th Edition by Timberlake

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Product Details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0134421353
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0134421353
• Author:  Karen Timberlake

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 13th Edition is the ideal resource for anyone interested in learning about allied health. Assuming no prior knowledge of chemistry, author Karen Timberlake engages readers with her friendly presentation style, revealing connections between the structure and behavior of matter and its role in health and the environment. Aiming to provide a better learning experience, the text highlights the relevance of chemistry through real-world examples. Activities and applications throughout the program couple chemistry concepts with health and environmental career applications to help readers understand why the content matters. The text also fosters development of problem-solving skills, while helping readers visualize and understand concepts through its engaging figures, sample problems, and concept maps.

The 13th Edition expands on Karen Timberlake’s main tenets: relevance, a clinical focus, educational research, and learning design. New applications added to questions and problem sets emphasize the material’s relevance, while updated chapter openers with follow-up stories help readers form a basis for making decisions about issues concerning health and the environment. New problem-solving tools in this edition, including Try it First and Connect, urge readers to think critically about problem-solving while learning best practices.

Table of Content:

1 Measurements 1
1.1	Scientific Method: Thinking like a Scientist 2
1.2	Measurement and Scientific Notation 5
	Explore Your World 
 Units Listed on Labels 7
1.3	Measured Numbers and Significant Figures 10
1.4	Significant Figures in Calculations 13
1.5	Prefixes and Equalities 17
1.6	Writing Conversion Factors 21
	Explore Your World 
 SI and Metric Equalities on Product Labels 23
1.7 	Problem Solving 25
		Guide to Problem Solving
		Using Conversion Factors 26
1.8	Density 32
 Explore Your World 
 Sink or Float? 35
 Health Note 
 Determination of Percentage of Body Fat 36
1.9	Temperature 37
	Career Focus 
 Surgical Technologist 39
	Health Note 
 Variations in Body Temperature 41
Concept Map 42
Chapter Review 42
Key Terms 43
Understanding the Concepts 44
Additional Questions and Problems 45
Challenge Questions 46
Answers 46
2 Atoms and Elements	49
2.1 Classification of Matter 50
2.2	Elements and Symbols 53
	Health Note 
 Latin Names for Elements in Clinical Usage 54
	Environmental Note 
 Toxicity of Mercury 56
2.3	The Periodic Table 56 
	Health Note 
Elements Essential to Health 58
	Health Note 
Some Important Trace Elements in the Body 62
2.4	The Atom 63
		Explore Your World 
 Repulsion and Attraction 65
2.5	Atomic Number and Mass Number 66
		Career Focus 
 Optician 68
2.6	Isotopes and Atomic Mass 69
2.7	Electron Energy Levels 72
2.8 Electron Configurations 78
		Guide
		Writing Electron Configurations with Sublevel Blocks 82
2.9 Periodic Trends 85
Concept Map 90
Chapter Review 90
Key Terms 91
Understanding the Concepts 92
Additional Questions and Problems 92
Challenge Questions 94
Answers 94
3 Nuclear Chemistry 97
3.1	Natural Radioactivity 98
		Health Note 
 Biological Effects of Radiation 102
3.2	Nuclear Equations 103
		Guide
		Completing a Nuclear Equation 103 
 Environmental Note
 Radon in our Homes 104
		Health Note 
 Beta Emitters in Medicine 106
3.3	Radiation Measurement 109
		Health Note 
 	Radiation and Food 111
3.4	Half-Life of a Radioisotope 113
		Explore Your World 
 Modeling Half-Lives 114
		Environmental Note 
 Dating Ancient Objects 115
3.5	Medical Applications Using Radioactivity 116
		Health Note 
 Radiation Doses in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 118
		Health Note 
 Other Imaging Methods 119
3.6	Nuclear Fission and Fusion 120
		Environmental Note 
 Nuclear Power Plants 123
Concept Map 124
Chapter Review 124
Key Terms 124
Understanding the Concepts 125
Additional Questions and Problems 126
Challenge Questions 127
Answers 127
4 Compounds and Their Bonds 130
4.1	Octet Rule and Ions 131
		Health Note 
 Some Uses for Noble Gases 133
		Health Note 
 Some Important Ions in the Body 135
4.2	Ionic Compounds 136
		Career Focus 
 Physical Therapist 137
4.3	Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas 139
		Guide
		Naming Ionic Compounds with Metals that Form a Single Ion 139
		Guide
		Naming Ionic Compounds with Variable Charge Metals 141
4.4	Polyatomic Ions 143
		Health Note
 Polyatomic Ions in Bone and Teeth 145
 Guide
 Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions	
4.5	Covalent Compounds 147
		Guide
		Writing Electron-Dot Formulas
4.6 Naming and Writing Covalent Formulas 154
		Guide
		Naming Covalent Compounds with Two Nonmetals 155
		Guide
		Writing Formulas for Covalent Compounds 155
4.7	Electronegativity and Bond Polarity 157
4.8	Shapes and Polarity of Molecules 161
Concept Map 167
Chapter Review 167
Key Terms 168
Understanding the Concepts 168
Additional Questions and Problems 169
Challenge Questions 170
Answers 170
5 Chemical Reactions and Quantities 174
5.1	Chemical Changes 175
5.2	Chemical Equations 177
		Guide
		Balancing a Chemical Equation 179
5.3	Types of Reactions 182
		Health Note
 Smog and Health Concerns 186
5.4	Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 186
		Explore Your World 
 Oxidation of Fruits and Vegetables 188
5.5	The Mole 189
		Guide
		Calculating the Atoms or Molecules of a Substance
5.6	Molar Mass 193
		Explore Your World 
 Calculating Moles in the Kitchen 195
 Guide
 Calculating the Moles (or Grams) of a Substance from Grams(or Moles) 195	
5.7	Mole Relationships in Chemical Equations 198
		Guide
		Using Mole-Mole Factors 200
5.8 Mass Calculations for Reactions 201
	Guide
	Calculating the Masses of Reactants and Products in a Chemical Reaction 202
5.9 Percent Yield and Limiting Reactants 204
	Guide
	Calculations for Percent Yield 205
Concept Map 211
Chapter Review 211
Key Terms 212
Understanding the Concepts 213
Additional Questions and Problems 214
Challenge Questions 215
Answers 216
6 Energy and Matter 218
6.1 Energy 219
6.2 Energy in Chemical Reactions 222
	Guide
	Calculations Using Heat of Reaction (?H) 224
	Health Note
 Hot Packs and Cold Packs 225
6.3 Specific Heat 226
	Guide
	Calculations Using Specific Heat 228
	Environmental Note 
 Global Warming 229
6.4 Energy and Nutrition 230
	Explore Your World 
 Counting Calories 232
	Health Note 
 Losing and Gaining Weight 233
6.5 States of Matter 233
6.6 Changes of State 237
	Guide
	Calculations Using Heat of Fusion/Vaporization
	Career Focus 
 Histologist 239
 Health Note 
 Steam Burns 241
Concept Map 246
Chapter Review 246
Key Terms 247
Understanding the Concepts 247
Additional Questions and Problems 248
Challenge Questions 249
Answers 250
7 Gases 252
7.1 Properties of Gases 253
	Explore Your World 
 Forming a Gas 256
7.2 Gas Pressure 256
	Health Note 
 Measuring Blood Pressure 258
7.3 Pressure and Volume (Boyles' Law) 
	Guide
	Using the Gas Laws 259
	Health Note 
 Pressure-Volume Relationship in Breathing 260
7.4 Temperature and Volume (Charles' Law) 262
7.5 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac's Law) 264
7.6 The Combined Gas Law 267
7.7 Volume and Moles (Avogadro's Law) 269
	Guide
	Using Molar Volume 272
	Guide
	Using Molar Volume for Reactions 273
7.8 The Ideal Gas Law 274
7.9 Partial Pressures (Dalton's Law) 277
	Health Note 
 Blood Gases 279
	Health Note 
 Hyperbaric Chambers 280
Concept Map 281
Chapter Review 281
Key Terms 282
Understanding the Concepts 282
Additional Questions and Problems 283
Challenge Questions 284
Answers 284
8 Solutions 286
8.1	Solutions 287
		Health Note 
 Water in the Body 289
		Explore Your World 
 Like Dissolves Like 292
8.2	Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 292
		Health Note 
 Electrolytes in Body Fluids 296
8.3	Solubility 297
		Health Note 
 Gout and Kidney Stones: A Problem of Saturation in Body Fluids 298
		Explore Your World
 Preparing Solutions 299
 Guide
 Writing Net Ionic Equations for Formation of an Insoluble Salt 302
8.4	Percent Concentration 305
		Guide
		Calculating Solution Concentration 306	
		Guide
		Using Concentration to Calculate Mass or Volume 307
8.5	Molarity and Dilution 309
		Guide
		Calculating Dilution Quantities 312
		Guide
		Calculations Involving Solutions in Chemical Reactions 313
8.6	Properties of Solutions 315
		Health Note 
 Colloids and Solutions in the Body 315
		Explore Your World 
 Everyday Osmosis 318
		Health Note 
 Dialysis by the Kidneys and the Artificial Kidney 321
Concept Map 322
Chapter Review 323
Key Terms 323
Understanding the Concepts 324
Additional Questions and Problems 325
Challenge Questions 326
Answers 327
9 Chemical Equilibrium 329
9.1 Rates of Reactions 331
	Environmental Note 
 Catalytic Converters
9.2 Chemical Equilibrium 335
9.3 Equilibrium Constants 338
 	Guide
 	Writing the Kc Expression	
 	Guide
 	Calculating the Kc Value
9.4 Using Equilibrium Constants 343
 	Guide
 	Using the Kc Value
9.5 Changing Equilibrium Conditions: Le Chatelier's Principle 349
	Health Note 
 Oxygen-Hemoglobin Equilibrium and Hypoxia
.	Health Note 
 Homeostasis: Regulation of Body Temperature
Concept Map 360
Chapter Review 260
Key Terms 361
Understanding the Concepts 361
Additional Questions and Problems 362
Challenge Questions 363
Answers 363
10 	Acids and Bases 365
10.1	 Acids and Bases 366
10.2	 Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 368
10.3	 Strengths of Acids and Bases 372
10.4	 Ionization of Water
		Guide
		Calculating [H3O+] and [OH_] in Aqueous Solutions
10.5 The pH Scale 381
		Health Note 
 	Stomach Acid, HCl 
 Guide
 Calculating pH of an Aqueous Solution	
		Explore Your World 
 Using Vegetables and Flowers as pH Indicators
10.6	 Reactions of Acids and Bases 388
		Environmental Note 
 Acid Rain
 Guide
 Balancing an Equation for Neutralization
		Health Note 
 Antacids
 Guide
 Calculations for an Acid-Base Titration
10.7 Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions 294
10.8	 Buffers 397
 Guide
	 Calculating pH of a Buffer 					
	 Health Note 
	 Buffers in the Blood	
Concept Map 402
Chapter Review 402
Key Terms 403
Understanding the Concepts 403
Additional Questions and Problems 404
Challenge Questions 404
Answers 405
11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 407
11.1 Organic Compounds 408
11.2 Alkanes 411
11.3 Alkanes with Substituents 415
 Guide	
 Naming Alkanes	
 Guide	
 Drawing Alkane Formulas	
 Health Note 
 Common Uses of Haloalkanes
11.4 Properties of Alkanes 423
	Explore Your World 
 Combustion 
 Health Note 
 Incomplete Combustion
	Environmental Note 
 Crude Oil
	Environmental Note 
 CFCs and Ozone Depletion
11.5 Functional Groups 430
	Career Focus 
 Laboratory Technologist
 Environmental Note 
 Functional Groups in Some Familiar Compounds
Concept Map 436
Chapter Review 436
Summary of Naming 437
Summary of Reactions 437
Key Terms 437
Understanding the Concepts 438
Additional Questions and Problems 439
Challenge Questions 440
Answers 441
12 	Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 444
12.1 Alkenes and Alkynes 445
	Explore Your World
 Ripening Fruit 446
 Guide
 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes 447
	Environmental Note
 Fragrant Alkenes 449
12.2 Cis-Trans Isomers 
	Environmental Note 
 Pheromones in Insect Communication 450
	Health Note 
 Cis-Trans Isomers for Night Vision 451
 Explore Your World 
Modeling Cis-Trans Isomers 452
12.3 Addition Reactions 452
	Explore Your World 
 Unsaturation in Fats and Oils 453
	Health Note 
 Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Fats 454
12.4 Polymers of Alkenes 459
	Explore Your World 
 Polymers and Recycling Plastics 462
12.5 Aromatic Compounds 462
	Health Note
 Some Common Aromatic Compounds 463
	Health Note 
 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 465
12.6 Properties of Aromatic Compounds 465
Concept Map 468
Chapter Review 468
Summary of Naming 469
Summary of Reactions 469
Key Terms 470
Understanding the Concepts 470
Additional Questions and Problems 471
Challenge Questions 472
Answers 473
13 	Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thiols 476
13.1 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols 477
	Guide
	Naming Alcohols 478
 Explore Your World 
 Alcohols in Household Products 479
	Health Note 
 Some Important Alcohols and Phenols 480
13.2 Ethers 484
	Guide
	Naming Ethers 485
	Health Note 
 Ethers as Anesthetics 486
13.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 488
13.4 Reactions of Alcohols and Thiols 491
	Health Note 
 Oxidation of Alcohol in the Body 496
Concept Map 499
Chapter Review 499
Summary of Naming 500
Summary of Reactions 500
Key Terms 500
Understanding the Concepts 501
Additional Questions and Problems 502
Challenge Questions 504
Answers 504
14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 507
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones 508
 Guide
 Naming Aldehydes	509
 Environmental Note 
 Vanilla 511
 Guide
 Naming Ketones 512	
	Health Note
 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones 513
14.2 Physcial Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 515
14.3 Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 517	
14.4 Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones 522
14.5 Chiral Molecules 526
	Health Note 
 Enantionmers in Biological Systems 532
Concept Map 534
Chapter Review 534
Summary of Naming 535
Summary of Reactions 535
Key Terms 535
Understanding the Concepts 536
Additional Questions and Problems 537
Challenge Questions 540
Answers 540
15 	Carbohydrates
15.1 Carbohydrates
15.2 Structures of Monosaccharides
	Health Note 
 Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
15.3 Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides
15.4 Chemical Properties of Monosaccharides
	Health Note 
 Testing for Glucose in Urine
15.5 Disaccharides
	Explore Your World 
 Sugar and Sweeteners
	Health Note How Sweet is My Sweetener?
	Career Focus 
 Phlebotomist
	Health Note 
 Blood Types and Carbohydrates
15.6 Polysaccharides
	Explore Your World 
 Polysaccharides
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Summary of Carbohydrates
Summary of Reactions
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
16 	Carboxylic Acids and Esters
16.1 Carboxylic Acids 
	Guide 
	Naming Carboxylic Acids
 Health Note 
 Alpha Hydroxy Acids
16.2 Properties of Carboxylic Acids
	Health Note
 Carboxylic Acids in Metabolism
16.3 Esters 
	Health Note 
 Salicylic Acid and Aspirin
	Environmental Note 
 Plastics
16.4 Naming Esters
	Guide 
	Naming Esters
16.5 Properties of Esters
	Environmental Note 
	Cleaning Action of Soaps
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Summary of Naming
Summary of Reactions 
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
17 	Lipids
17.1 Lipids
17.2 Fatty Acids
	Explore Your World 
 Solubility of Fats and Oils
	Health Note 
 Omega-3- Fatty Acids in Fish Oils
17.3 Waxes, Fats, and Oils
17.4 Chemical Properties of Triacylglycerols
	Health Note
 Olestra: A Fat Substitute
	Health Note
 Trans Fatty Acids and Hydrogenation
	Explore Your World 
 Types of Fats
17.5 Glycerophospholipids 
17.6 Sphingolipids
	Health Note
 Lipid Diseases
17.7 Steroids: Cholesterol and Steroid Hormones
	Health Note 
 Anabolic Steroids
17.8 Cell Membranes
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
18 	Amines and Amides
18.1 Amines
	Health Note 
 Amines in Health and Medicine
 Guide
 Naming of Amines 
18.2 Properties of Amines
18.3 Heterocyclic Amines and Alkaloids
	Health Note 
 Synthesizing Drugs
18.4 Amides
	Health Note 
 Amides in Health and Medicine
18.5 Hydrolysis of Amides
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
19 	Amino Acids and Proteins
19.1 Proteins and Amino Acids
19.2 Amino Acids as Acids and Bases
19.3 Formation of Peptides
	Career Focus 
 Rehabilitation Specialist
19.4 Protein Structure: Primary and Secondary Levels
	Health Note 
 Natural Opiates in the Body
19.5 Protein Structure: Tertiary and Quaternary Levels
	Health Note 
 Essential Amino Acids
	Health Note 
 Prions and Mad Cow Disease
	Health Note 
 Sickle-Cell Anemia
19.6 Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation
	Explore Your World 
 Denaturation of Milk Protein
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
20 	Enzymes and Vitamins
20.1 Enzymes 
20.2 Enzyme Action
	Health Note 
 Isoenzymes as Diagnostic Tools
	Explore Your World 
 Enzyme Activity
20.3 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
20.4 Enzyme Inhibition
20.5 Control of Enzyme Activity
20.6 Enzyme Cofactors and Vitamins
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
21 	Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis
21.1 Components of Nucleic Acids
	Career Focus
	Occupational Therapist
21.2 Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids
21.3 DNA Double Helix
21.4 DNA Replication 
21.5 RNA and Transcription 
21.6 Genetic Code
21.7 Protein Synthesis: Translation
	Health Note 
 Many Antibiotics Inhibit Protein Synthesis
21.8 Genetic Mutations
	Explore Your World 
 A Model for DNA Replication and Mutation
21.9 Recombinant DNA
21.10 Viruses
 Health Note 
Cancer
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
22 	Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates
22.1 Metabolism and Cell Structure
22.2 ATP and Energy
	Health Note 
 ATP Energy and Ca2+ Needed to Contract Muscles
22.3 Important Coenzymes in Metabolic Pathway
22.4 Digestion of Carbohydrates
	Explore Your World 
 Carbohydrate Digestion
	Health Note 
 Lactose Intolerance
22.5 Glycolysis: Oxidation of Glucose
22.6 Pathways for Pyruvate
22.7 Glycogen Metabolism
22.8 Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
23 	Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
23.1 The Citric Acid Cycle
	Career Focus 
 Physical Therapist
23.2 Electron Carriers
	Health Note 
 Toxins: Inhibitors of Electron Transport
23.3 Electron Transport 
23.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation and ATP
	Health Note 
 ATP Synthase and Heating the Body
23.5 ATP Energy from Glucose
	Health Note 
 Efficiency of ATP Production
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
24 	Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids
24.1 Digestion of Triacylglycerols
	Explore Your World 
 Digestion of Fats
24.2 Oxidation of Fatty Acids
24.3 ATP and Fatty Acid Oxidation
	Health Note 
 Stored Fat and Obesity
	Explore Your World 
 Fat Storage and Blubber
24.4 Ketogenesis and Ketone Bodies
	Health Note 
 Ketone Bodies and Diabetes
24.5 Fatty Acid Synthesis
24.6 Digestion of Proteins
24.7 Degradation of Amino Acids
24.8 Urea Cycle
24.9 Fates of the Carbon Atoms from Amino Acids
24.10 Synthesis of Amino Acids
	Health Note 
 Homocysteine and Coronary Heart Disease
	Health Note 
 Phenylketonurea(PKU)
Concept Map
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Understanding the Concepts
Additional Questions and Problems
Challenge Questions
Answers
Credits
Glossary/Index

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