Test Bank Biochemistry, 4/E 4th Edition Christopher K. Mathews, E. van Holde, Dean R. Appling, Anthony-Cahill digital download immediately after payment is complete.

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Table of contents:

Part I Introduction and Background 1

Chapter 1 Life 3

1. Prokaryotes 3

2. Eukaryotes 6

3. Biochemistry: A Prologue 14

4. Genetics: A Review 19

5. The Origin of Life 28

6. The Biochemical Literature 34

Chapter 2 Aqueous Solutions 40

1. Properties of Water 40

2. Acids, Bases, and Buffers 45

Chapter 3 Thermodynamic Principles: A Review 52

1. First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy Is Conserved 52

2. Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Universe Tends Toward Maximum Disorder 54

3. Free Energy: The Indicator of Spontaneity 57

4. Chemical Equilibria 58

Appendix: Concentration Dependence of Free Energy 61

Part II Biomolecules 65

Chapter 4 Amino Acids 67

1. The Amino Acids of Proteins 67

2. Optical Activity 73

3. “Nonstandard” Amino Acids 78

Chapter 5 Nucleic Acids, Gene Expression, and Recombinant DNA Technology 82

1. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 82

2. DNA Is the Carrier of Genetic Information 85

3. Double Helical DNA 88

4. Gene Expression and Replication: An Overview 95

5. Molecular Cloning 104

Chapter 6 Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purifications 129

1. Protein Isolation 129

2. Solubilities of Proteins 133

3. Chromatographic Separations 135

4. Electrophoresis 146

5. Ultracentrifugation 152

6. Nucleic Acid Fractionation 156

Chapter 7 Covalent Structures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 163

1. Primary Structure Determination of Proteins 164

2. Nucleic Acid Sequencing 176

3. Chemical Evolution 185

4. Bioinformatics: An Introduction 194

5. Chemical Synthesis of Polypeptides 205

6. Chemical Synthesis of Oligonucleotides 209

Chapter 8 Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins 221

1. Secondary Structure 221

2. Fibrous Proteins 232

3. Globular Proteins 241

4. Protein Stability 259

5. Quaternary Structure 266

Appendix: Viewing Stereo Pictures 271

Chapter 9 Protein Folding, Dynamics, and Structural Evolution 278

1. Protein Folding: Theory and Experiment 278

2. Folding Accessory Proteins 290

3. Protein Structure Prediction and Design 302

4. Protein Dynamics 306

5. Conformational Diseases: Amyloids and Prions 309

6. Structural Evolution 316

Chapter 10 Hemoglobin: Protein Function in Microcosm 323

1. Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Function 323

2. Structure and Mechanism 331

3. Abnormal Hemoglobins 341

4. Allosteric Regulation 347

APPENDIX: Derivation of Symmetry Model Equations 354

Chapter 11 Sugars and Polysaccharides 359

1. Monosaccharides 359

2. Polysaccharides 365

3. Glycoproteins 373

Chapter 12 Lipids and Membranes 386

1. Lipid Classification 386

2. Properties of Lipid Aggregates 393

3. Biological Membranes 399

4. Membrane Assembly and Protein Targeting 418

5. Lipoproteins 449

Part III Mechanisms of Enzyme Action 467

Chapter 13 Introduction to Enzymes 469

1. Historical Perspective 469

2. Substrate Specificity 470

3. Coenzymes 473

4. Regulation of Enzymatic Activity 474

5. A Primer of Enzyme Nomenclature 479

Chapter 14 Rates of Enzymatic Reactions 482

1. Chemical Kinetics 482

2. Enzyme Kinetics 487

3. Inhibition 492

4. Effects of pH 496

5. Bisubstrate Reactions 497

Appendix: Derivations of Michaelis–Menten Equation Variants 501

Chapter 15 Enzymatic Catalysis 506

1. Catalytic Mechanisms 506

2. Lysozyme 517

3. Serine Proteases 525

4. Drug Design 539

Part IV Metabolism 557

Chapter 16 Introduction to Metabolism 559

1. Metabolic Pathways 559

2. Organic Reaction Mechanisms 562

3. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Metabolism 569

4. Thermodynamics of Phosphate Compounds 578

5. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 583

6. Thermodynamics of Life 586

Chapter 17 Glycolysis 593

1. The Glycolytic Pathway 593

2. The Reactions of Glycolysis 595

3. Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate 614

4. Metabolic Regulation and Control 619

5. Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose 630

Chapter 18 Glycogen Metabolism 638

1. Glycogen Breakdown 638

2. Glycogen Synthesis 644

3. Control of Glycogen Metabolism 647

4. Glycogen Storage Diseases 666

Chapter 19 Signal Transduction 671

1. Hormones 671

2. Heterotrimeric G Proteins 688

3. Tyrosine Kinase–Based Signaling 699

4. The Phosphoinositide Cascade 725

Chapter 20 Transport through Membranes 744

1. Thermodynamics of Transport 744

2. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Transport 745

3. ATP-Driven Active Transport 758

4. Ion Gradient–Driven Active Transport 768

5. Neurotransmission 771

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