Solutions Manual to accompany Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 6th edition 9780471152323
Product details:
- ISBN-10 : 0471152323
- ISBN-13 : 978-0471152323
- Author: Richard E. Sonntag, Claus Borgnakke and Gordon J. Van Wylen
For the past three decades, Sonntag, Borgnakke, and Van Wylen’s FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS has been the leading textbook in the field. Now updated and enhanced with numerous worked examples, homework problems, and illustrations, and a rich selection of Web-based learning resources, the new Sixth Edition continues to present a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of classical thermodynamics, while retaining an engineering perspective.
The text lays the groundwork for subsequent studies in fields such as fluid mechanics, heat transfer and statistical thermodynamics, and prepares students to effectively apply thermodynamics in the practice of engineering.
Table contents:
PREFACE | xv | |
1 | BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS | 1 |
1-1 The Nature of Thermodynamics | 2 | |
1-2 Dimensions and Units | 3 | |
1-3 System, Property, and State | 8 | |
1-4 Density, Specific Volume, and Specific Gravity | 13 | |
1-5 Pressure | 14 | |
1-6 The Zeroth Law and Temperature | 20 | |
1-7 Problem-Solving Techniques | 25 | |
1-8 Summary | 27 | |
1-9 Problems | 29 | |
2 | THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | 36 |
2-1 Concepts of Work and Energy | 37 | |
2-2 The First Law of Thermodynamics | 49 | |
2-3 A Conservation of Energy Principle for Closed Systems | 50 | |
2-4 The Nature of the Energy E | 56 | |
2-5 Heat Transfer | 58 | |
2-6 Expansion and Compression Work | 61 | |
2-7 Elastic Spring Work | 71 | |
2-8 Other Quasiequilibrium Work Interactions | 73 | |
2-9 Summary | 77 | |
Problems | 78 | |
3 | PROPERTIES OF A PURE, SIMPLE COMPRESSIBLE SUBSTANCE | 95 |
3-1 The State Postulate and Simple Systems | 96 | |
3-2 The PvT Surface | 97 | |
3-3 The Pressure-Temperature Diagram | 100 | |
3-4 The Pressure-Specific Volume Diagram | 101 | |
3-5 The Temperature-Specific Volume Diagram | 103 | |
3-6 Tables of Properties of Pure Substances | 104 | |
3-7 Tabular Data and Closed-System Energy Analysis | 119 | |
3-8 The Specific Heats | 126 | |
3-9 Summary | 128 | |
3-10 Appendix: Fundamentals of Partial Derivatives | 130 | |
Problems | 131 | |
4 | THE IDEAL GAS, CORRESPONDING STATES, AND INCOMPRESSIBLE MODELS | 148 |
4-1 Ideal-Gas Equation of State | 149 | |
4-2 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific-Heat Relations for Ideal Gases | 153 | |
4-3 Specific Heats of Ideal Gases | 155 | |
4-4 Energy Analysis of Closed Ideal-Gas Systems | 161 | |
4-5 The Compressibility Factor and the Corresponding States Principle | 166 | |
4-6 Property Relations for Incompressible Substances | 172 | |
4-7 Summary | 177 | |
Problems | 178 | |
5 | CONTROL-VOLUME ENERGY ANALYSIS | 200 |
5-1 Introduction | 201 | |
5-2 Conservation of Mass Principle for a Control Volume | 201 | |
5-3 Conservation of Energy Principle for a Control Volume | 208 | |
5-4 Steady-State Control-Volume Energy Equations | 213 | |
5-5 Comments on Problem-Solving Techniques | 215 | |
5-6 Engineering Applications Involving Steady-State Control Volumes | 219 | |
5-7 Introduction to Thermodynamic Cycles | 234 | |
5-8 Transient (Unsteady) Flow Analysis | 240 | |
5-9 Summary | 250 | |
Problems | 251 | |
6 | THE SECOND LAW AND ENTROPY | 279 |
6-1 Introduction | 280 | |
6-2 Heat Engines, Refrigerators, and Heat Pumps | 282 | |
6-3 Second-Law Statements | 288 | |
6-4 Reversible and Irreversible Processes | 295 | |
6-5 The Second Law and Entropy—Classical Presentation | 298 | |
6-5-1 Analytical Forms of the Kelvin-Planck Statement | 299 | |
6-5-2 General Second-Law Limitations for Heat Engines | 301 | |
6-5-3 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale | 304 | |
6-5-4 Performance Standards for Reversible Heat Engines | 306 | |
6-5-5 The Clausius Inequality | 308 | |
6-5-6 The Entropy Function | 310 | |
6-5-7 Entropy Generation and the Closed-System Entropy Balance | 311 | |
6-6 The Second Law and Entropy-Alternate Presentation | 314 | |
6-6-1 The Second-Law Postulate | 314 | |
6-6-2 An Entropy Balance for a Closed System | 316 | |
6-6-3 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale and the Carnot Efficiency | 317 | |
6-6-4 Measuring the Entropy Function | 320 | |
6-6-5 Equivalence of the Four Statements of the Second | 321 | |
6-7 Entropy Balance for a Control Volume | 323 | |
6-8 Increase in Entropy Principle for a Closed System | 325 | |
6-9 Second-Law Limitations on the Performance of Heat Engines, Refrigerators, and Heat Pumps | 327 | |
6-10 Heat Transfer and the TS Diagram | 339 | |
6-10-1 Entropy Change for a Thermal-Energy Reservoir | 339 | |
6-10-2 Entropy Generation Associated with Heat Transfer | 341 | |
6-10-3 Loss in Work Potential Associated with Heat Transfer | 344 | |
6-11 Applications | 346 | |
6-12 Entropy in Terms of Randomness and Probability | 354 | |
6-13 Summary | 358 | |
Problems | 360 | |
7 | EVALUATION OF ENTROPY CHANGE AND THE CONTROL-VOLUME ENTROPY BALANCE | 385 |
7-1 Graphical and Tabular Presentation of Entropy Data | 386 | |
7-2 The T dS Equations for Pure, Simple Compressible Substances | 393 | |
7-3 Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas | 395 | |
7-4 Entropy Change of an Incompressible Substance | 400 | |
7-5 Applications of the Steady-State Entropy Balance for a Control Volume | 403 | |
7-6 Steady-Flow Work Relationships | 413 | |
7-7 Summary 417 | ||
Problems | 419 | |
8 | SOME CONSEQUENCES OF THE SECOND LAW | 435 |
8-1 Isentropic Processes | 436 | |
8-2 Adiabatic Efficiencies of Steady-Flow Devices | 448 | |
8-3 The Carnot Cycle | 462 | |
8-4 The Transient Adiabatic-Discharge Process | 467 | |
8-5 Summary | 469 | |
Problems | 470 | |
9 | AVAILABILITY (EXERGY) AND IRREVERSIBILITY | 487 |
9-1 Introduction | 488 | |
9-2 Work and Entropy Production | 488 | |
9-3 Availability | 491 | |
9-4 Control-Volume Availability Analysis | 505 | |
9-5 Second-Law Efficiency or Effectiveness | 511 | |
9-6 Summary | 519 | |
Problems | 521 | |
10 | NONREACTIVE IDEAL-GAS MIXTURES | 530 |
10-1 Composition Analysis of Gas Mixtures | 531 | |
10-2 PvT Relationships for Ideal-Gas Mixtures | 535 | |
10-3 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Entropy for Ideal-Gas Mixtures | 538 | |
10-4 Mixing Processes Involving Ideal Gases | 545 | |
10-5 Properties of an Ideal Gas-Vapor Mixture | 550 | |
10-6 The Adiabatic-Saturation and Wet-Bulb Temperatures | 558 | |
10-7 The Psychrometric Chart | 561 | |
10-8 Air-Conditioning Processes | 564 | |
10-9 Summary | 585 | |
Problems | 588 | |
11 | PvT BEHAVIOR OF REAL GASES AND REAL-GAS MIXTURES | 614 |
11-1 The Virial Equation of State | 615 | |
11-2 Two-Constant Equations of State | 616 | |
11-3 Other Equations of State | 620 | |
11-4 Real-Gas Mixtures | 622 | |
11-5 Summary | 627 | |
Suggested Readings and References | 629 | |
Problems | 629 | |
12 | GENERALIZED THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS | 634 |
12-1 Fundamentals of Partial Derivatives | 635 | |
12-2 Some Fundamental Property Relations | 637 | |
12-3 Generalized Relations for Changes in Entropy, Internal Energy, and Enthalpy | 639 | |
12-4 Generalized Relations for cp and cv | 644 | |
12-5 Vapor Pressure and the Clapeyron Equation | 649 | |
12-6 The Joule-Thomson Coefficient | 653 | |
12-7 Generalized Thermodynamic Charts | 657 | |
12-8 Development of Property Tables | 664 | |
12-9 Summary | 667 | |
Problems | 669 | |
13 | CHEMICAL REACTIONS | 679 |
13-1 Stoichiometry of Reactions | 680 | |
13-2 Actual Combustion Processes | 686 | |
13-3 The Enthalpy of Formation | 690 | |
13-4 Steady-Flow Energy Analysis of Reacting Mixtures | 693 | |
13-5 Adiabatic Flame Temperature | 698 | |
13-6 Constant-Volume Thermochemical Analysis | 702 | |
13-7 Enthalpy of Reaction and Heating Values | 706 | |
13-8 Second Law Analysis of Reactions | 711 | |
13-9 Availability Analysis of Reacting Systems | 716 | |
13-10 Fuel Cells | 722 | |
13-11 Summary | 729 | |
Problems | 731 | |
14 | CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM | 753 |
14-1 Introduction | 754 | |
14-2 The Gibbs Criterion | 756 | |
14-3 Equilibrium and the Chemical Potential | 759 | |
14-4 The Chemical Potential of an Ideal Gas | 761 | |
14-5 The Equilibrium Constants Ko and Kp | 762 | |
14-6 Calculation of Ko Values | 765 | |
14-7 Calculation of Equilibrium Compositions | 767 | |
14-8 First-Law Analysis of Equilibrium Ideal-Gas Mixtures | 774 | |
14-9 The van’t Hoff Equation Relating Ko and LhR | 777 | |
14-10 Simultaneous Reactions | 779 | |
14-11 Summary | 782 | |
Problems | 783 | |
15 | GAS POWER CYCLES | 797 |
15-1 The Air-Standard Cycle | 798 | |
15-2 The Air-Standard Carnot Cycle | 799 | |
15-3 Some Introductory Nomenclature for Reciprocating Devices | 802 | |
15-4 The Air-Standard Otto Cycle | 803 | |
15-5 The Air-Standard Diesel Cycle and the Dual Cycle | 808 | |
15-6 The Air-Standard Brayton Cycle | 815 | |
15-7 Effect of Compressor and Turbine Irreversibilities | 822 | |
15-8 The Regenerative Gas-Turbine Cycle | 826 | |
15-9 The Processes of Intercooling and Reheating | 830 | |
15-10 Gas-Turbine Cycles with Intercooling and Reheating | 836 | |
15-11 Availability Analysis of a Gas Turbine Cycle | 840 | |
15-12 Gas Turbines for Jet Propulsion | 846 | |
15-13 Closed-Loop Gas-Turbine Cycles | 856 | |
15-14 The Ericsson and Stirling Cycles | 858 | |
15-15 Summary | 861 | |
Problems | 863 | |
16 | VAPOR POWER CYCLES | 893 |
16-1 The Rankine Cycle | 894 | |
16-2 The Reheat Cycle | 905 | |
16-3 The Regenerative Cycle | 908 | |
16-4 Cogeneration Systems | 921 | |
16-5 The Combined Cycle | 925 | |
16-6 Applications of Vapor Cycles | 929 | |
16-7 Availability Analysis of a Simple Steam Power Cycle | 935 | |
16-8 Summary | 939 | |
Problems | 940 | |
17 | REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS | 967 |
17-1 The Reversed Carnot Cycle | 968 | |
17-2 The Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle | 969 | |
17-3 Heat Pumps | 980 | |
17-4 Cascade and Multistaged Vapor-Compression Systems | 982 | |
17-5 Liquefaction and Solidification of Gases | 989 | |
17-6 Gas Refrigeration Cycles | 991 | |
17-7 Stirling Refrigeration Cycle | 993 | |
17-8 Absorption Refrigeration | 996 | |
17-9 Availability Analysis of a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle | 999 | |
17-10 Summary | 1003 | |
Problems |
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