Oceanography An Invitation to Marine Science 9th Edition Garrison Solutions Manual

Product details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1305105168
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1305105164
• Author: Tom Garrison

Developed in partnership with the National Geographic Society, market-leading OCEANOGRAPHY: AN INVITATION TO MARINE SCIENCE, 9e gives you a basic understanding of the scientific questions, complexities, and uncertainties involved in ocean use-as well as the role and importance of the ocean in nurturing and sustaining life on Earth. Seasoned researchers Tom Garrison and Robert Ellis emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of marine science, stressing its links to biology, chemistry, geology, physics, meteorology, astronomy, ecology, history, and economics. The book’s focus on the science process includes numerous “How Do We Know?” boxes detailing the science behind how oceanographers know what they know. Coverage of climate change has been updated to reflect the latest findings. In addition, Chapter 14 “Primary Producers” includes expanded coverage of photosynthetic and chemosynthetic producers to help you understand the “big picture” in marine biology.

Table contents:

1. Ch 1: The Origin of the Ocean
2. Ch 1: Key Concepts
3. 1.1: Earth Is an Ocean World
4. 1.2: Marine Scientists Use the Logic of Science to Study the Ocean
5. 1.3: Stars Form Seas
6. 1.4: Earth, Ocean, and Atmosphere Accumulated in Layers Sorted by Density
7. 1.5: Life Probably Originated in the Ocean
8. 1.6: What Will Be Earth’s Future?
9. 1.7: Are There Other Ocean Worlds?
10. Ch 1: Questions from Students
11. Ch 1: Terms and Concepts to Remember
12. Ch 1: Study Questions
13. Ch 1: Global Geoscience Watch
14. Ch 2: A History of Marine Science
15. Ch 2: Key Concepts
16. 2.1: Understanding the Ocean Began with Voyaging for Trade and Exploration
17. 2.2: The Age of European Discovery
18. 2.3: Voyaging Combined with Science to Advance Ocean Studies
19. 2.4: The First Scientific Expeditions Were Undertaken by Governments
20. 2.5: Contemporary Oceanography Makes Use of Modern Technology
21. Ch 2: Questions from Students
22. Ch 2: Terms and Concepts to Remember
23. Ch 2: Study Questions
24. Ch 2: Global Geoscience Watch
25. Ch 3: Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics
26. Ch 3: Key Concepts
27. 3.1: Pieces of Earth’s Surface Look Like They Once Fit Together
28. 3.2: Earth’s Interior Is Layered
29. 3.3: The Study of Earthquakes Provides Evidence for Layering
30. 3.4: Earth’s Inner Structure Was Gradually Revealed
31. 3.5: The New Understanding of Earth Evolved Slowly
32. 3.6: Wegener’s Idea Is Transformed
33. 3.7: The Breakthrough: From Seafloor Spreading to Plate Tectonics
34. 3.8: Plates Interact at Plate Boundaries
35. 3.9: A Summary of Plate Interactions
36. 3.10: The Confirmation of Plate Tectonics
37. 3.11: Scientists Still Have Much to Learn about the Tectonic Process
38. Ch 3: Questions from Students
39. Ch 3: Terms and Concepts to Remember
40. Ch 3: Study Questions
41. Ch 3: Global Geoscience Watch
42. Ch 4: Ocean Basins
43. Ch 4: Key Concepts
44. 4.1: The Ocean Floor Is Mapped by Bathymetry
45. 4.2: Ocean-Floor Topography Varies with Location
46. 4.3: Continental Margins May Be Active or Passive
47. 4.4: The Topography of Deep-Ocean Basins Differs from That of the Continental Margin
48. 4.5: The Marine Environment Is Classified in Distinct Zones
49. 4.6: The Grand Tour
50. Ch 4: Questions from Students
51. Ch 4: Terms and Concepts to Remember
52. Ch 4: Study Questions
53. Ch 4: Global Geoscience Watch
54. Ch 5: Sediments
55. Ch 5: Key Concepts
56. 5.1: Ocean Sediments Vary Greatly in Appearance
57. 5.2: Sediments Are Classified by Particle Size
58. 5.3: Sediments May Be Classified by Source
59. 5.4: Neritic Sediments Overlie Continental Margins
60. 5.5: Pelagic Sediments Vary in Composition and Thickness
61. 5.6: Researchers Have Mapped the Distribution of Deep-Ocean Sediments
62. 5.7: Geologists Use Specialized Tools to Study Ocean Sediments
63. 5.8: Sediments Are Historical Records of Ocean Processes
64. 5.9: Marine Sediments Are Economically Important
65. Ch 5: Questions from Students
66. Ch 5: Terms and Concepts to Remember
67. Ch 5: Study Questions
68. Ch 5: Global Geoscience Watch
69. Ch 6: Water and Ocean Structure
70. Ch 6: Key Concepts
71. 6.1: A Note to the Reader
72. 6.2: Familiar, Abundant, and Odd
73. 6.3: The Water Molecule Is Held Together by Chemical Bonds
74. 6.4: Water Has Unusual Thermal Characteristics
75. 6.5: Surface Water Moderates Global Temperature
76. 6.6: The Ocean Is Stratified by Density
77. 6.7: Refraction Can Bend the Paths of Light and Sound through Water
78. 6.8: Light Does Not Travel Far through the Ocean
79. 6.9: Sound Travels Much Farther Than Light through the Ocean
80. Ch 6: Questions from Students
81. Ch 6: Terms and Concepts to Remember
82. Ch 6: Study Questions
83. Ch 6: Global Geoscience Watch
84. Ch 7: Ocean Chemistry
85. Ch 7: Key Concepts
86. 7.1: Water Is a Powerful Solvent
87. 7.2: Seawater Consists of Water and Dissolved Solids
88. 7.3: Gases Dissolve in Seawater
89. 7.4: The Ocean’s Acid–Base Balance Varies with Dissolved Components and Depth
90. Ch 7: Questions from Students
91. Ch 7: Terms and Concepts to Remember
92. Ch 7: Study Questions
93. Ch 7: Global Geoscience Watch
94. Ch 8: Circulation of the Atmosphere
95. Ch 8: Key Concepts
96. 8.1: The Atmosphere and Ocean Interact with Each Other
97. 8.2: The Atmosphere Is Composed Mainly of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Water Vapor
98. 8.3: The Atmosphere Moves in Response to Uneven Solar Heating and Earth’s Rotation
99. 8.4: Atmospheric Circulation Generates Large-Scale Surface Wind Patterns
100. 8.5: Storms Are Variations in Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation
101. 8.6: Katrina and Sandy
102. Ch 8: Questions From Students
103. Ch 8: Terms and Concepts to Remember
104. Ch 8: Study Questions
105. Ch 8: Global Geoscience Watch
106. Ch 9: Circulation of the Ocean
107. Ch 9: Key Concepts
108. 9.1: Mass Flow of Ocean Water Is Driven by Wind and Gravity
109. 9.2: Surface Currents Are Driven by the Winds
110. 9.3: Surface Currents Affect Weather and Climate
111. 9.4: Wind Can Cause Vertical Movement of Ocean Water
112. 9.5: El Niño and La Niña Are Exceptions to Normal Wind and Current Flow
113. 9.5: Thermohaline Circulation Affects All the Ocean’s Water
114. Ch 9: Questions from Students
115. Ch 9: Terms and Concepts to Remember
116. Ch 9: Study Questions
117. Ch 9: Global Geoscience Watch
118. Ch 10: Waves
119. Ch 10: Key Concepts
120. 10.1: Ocean Waves Move Energy across the Sea Surface
121. 10.2: Waves Are Classified by Their Physical Characteristics
122. 10.3: The Behavior of Waves Is Influenced by the Depth of Water through Which They Are Moving
123. 10.4: Wind Blowing over the Ocean Generates Waves
124. 10.5: Interference Produces Irregular Wave Motions
125. 10.6: Deep-Water Waves Change to Shallow-Water Waves as They Approach Shore
126. 10.7: Internal Waves Can Form between Ocean Layers of Differing Densities
127. 10.8: “Tidal Waves” Are Probably Not What You Think
128. 10.9: Storm Surges Form beneath Strong Cyclonic Storms
129. 10.10: Water Can Rock in a Confined Basin
130. 10.11: Water Displacement Causes Tsunami and Seismic Sea Waves
131. Ch 10: Questions from Students
132. Ch 10: Terms and Concepts to Remember
133. Ch 10: Study Questions
134. Ch 10: Global Geoscience Watch
135. Ch 11: Tides
136. Ch 11: Key Concepts
137. 11.1: Tides Are the Longest of All Ocean Waves
138. 11.2: Tides Are Forced Waves Formed by Gravity and Inertia
139. 11.3: The Dynamic Theory of Tides Adds Fluid Motion Dynamics to the Equilibrium Theory
140. 11.4: Most Tides Can Be Accurately Predicted
141. 11.5: Tidal Patterns Can Affect Marine Organisms
142. 11.6: Power Can Be Extracted from Tidal Motion
143. Ch 11: Questions from Students
144. Ch 11: Terms and Concepts to Remember
145. Ch 11: Study Questions
146. Ch 11: Global Geoscience Watch
147. Ch 12: Coasts
148. Ch 12: Key Concepts
149. 12.1: Coasts Are Shaped by Marine and Terrestrial Processes
150. 12.2: Erosional Processes Dominate Some Coasts
151. 12.3: Beaches Dominate Depositional Coasts
152. 12.4: Larger-Scale Features Accumulate on Depositional Coasts
153. 12.5: Biological Activity Forms and Modifies Coasts
154. 12.6: Freshwater Meets the Ocean in Estuaries
155. 12.7: The Characteristics of U.S. Coasts
156. 12.8: Humans Interfere in Coastal Processes
157. Ch 12: Questions from Students
158. Ch 12: Terms and Concepts to Remember
159. Ch 12: Study Questions
160. Ch 12: Global Geoscience Watch
161. Ch 13: Life in the Ocean
162. Ch 13: Key Concepts
163. 13.1: Life on Earth Is Notable for Unity and Its Diversity
164. 13.2: The Concept of Evolution Helps Explain the Nature of Life in the Ocean
165. 13.3: Rapid, Violent Change Causes Mass Extinctions
166. 13.4: Oceanic Life Is Classified by Evolutionary Heritage
167. 13.5: The Flow of Energy Allows Living Things to Maintain Complex Organization
168. 13.6: Living Organisms Are Built from a Few Elements
169. 13.7: Elements Cycle between Living Organisms and Their Surroundings
170. 13.8: Environmental Factors Influence the Success of Marine Organisms
171. Ch 13: Questions from Students
172. Ch 13: Terms and Concepts to Remember
173. Ch 13: Study Questions
174. Ch 13: Global Geoscience Watch
175. Ch 14: Primary Producers
176. Ch 14: Key Concepts
177. 14.1: Primary Producers Synthesize Organic Material
178. 14.2: Plankton Drift with Ocean Currents
179. 14.3: Plankton Collection Methods Depend on the Organism’s Size
180. 14.4: Phytoplankton
181. 14.5: Lack of Nutrients and Light Can Limit Primary Productivity
182. 14.6: Production Equals Consumption at the Compensation Depth
183. 14.7: Phytoplankton Productivity Varies with Local Conditions
184. 14.8: Seaweeds and Marine Plants Are Diverse and Efficient Primary Producers
185. 14.9: Primary Productivity Also Occurs Deep in the Water Column, at Hydrothermal Vents, in Seabed Se
186. Ch 14: Questions from Students
187. Ch 14: Terms and Concepts to Remember
188. Ch 14: Study Questions
189. Ch 14: Global Geoscience Watch
190. Ch 15: Marine Animals
191. Ch 15: Key Concepts
192. 15.1: Animals Evolved When Food and Oxygen Became Plentiful
193. 15.2: Invertebrates Are the Most Successful and Abundant Animals
194. 15.3: The Worm Phyla Are the Link to Advanced Animals
195. 15.4: Advanced Invertebrates Have Complex Bodies and Internal Systems
196. 15.5: Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold
197. 15.6: Vertebrate Evolution Traces a Long and Diverse History
198. 15.7: Fishes Are Earth’s Most Abundant and Successful Vertebrates
199. 15.8: Fishes Are Successful Because of Unique Adaptations
200. 15.9: Sea Turtles and Marine Crocodiles Are Ocean-Going Reptiles
201. 15.10: Some Marine Birds Are the World’s Most Efficient Flyers
202. 15.11: Marine Mammals Include the Largest Animals Ever to Have Lived
203. Ch 15: Questions from Students
204. Ch 15: Terms and Concepts to Remember
205. Ch 15: Study Questions
206. Ch 15: Global Geoscience Watch
207. Ch 16: Marine Communities
208. Ch 16: Key Concepts
209. 16.1: Marine Organisms Live in Communities
210. 16.2: Communities Consist of Interacting Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers
211. 16.3: Marine Communities Change as Time Passes
212. 16.4: Examples of Shoreline Marine Communities
213. 16.5: Examples of Shallow Benthic and Open-Ocean Marine Communities
214. 16.6: Examples of Deep-Sea Marine Communities
215. 16.7: Organisms in Communities Can Live in Symbiosis
216. Ch 16: Questions from Students
217. Ch 16: Terms and Concepts to Remember
218. Ch 16: Study Questions
219. Ch 16: Global Geoscience Watch
220. Ch 17: Marine Resources
221. Ch 17: Key Concepts
222. 17.1: Marine Resources Are Subject to the Economic Laws of Supply and Demand
223. 17.2: Physical Resources
224. 17.3: Renewable Sources of Marine Energy
225. 17.4: Biological Resources
226. 17.5: Nonextractive Resources Use the Ocean in Place
227. 17.6: The Law of the Sea Governs Marine Resource Allocation
228. Ch 17: Questions from Students
229. Ch 17: Terms and Concepts to Remember
230. Ch 17: Study Questions
231. Ch 17: Global Geoscience Watch
232. Ch 18: The Ocean and the Environment
233. Ch 18: Key Concepts
234. 18.1: An Introduction to Marine Environmental Issues
235. 18.2: Marine Pollutants May Be Natural or Human Generated
236. 18.3: Organisms Cannot Prosper if Their Habitats Are Disturbed
237. 18.4: Marine Protected Areas Are Refuges
238. 18.5: Earth’s Climate Is Changing
239. 18.6: What Can Be Done?
240. Ch 18: Questions from Students
241. Ch 18: Terms and Concepts to Remember
242. Ch 18: Study Questions
243. Ch 18: Global Geoscience Watch
244. Afterword
245. Appendix 1: Measurements and Conversions
246. Appendix 2: Geologic Time
247. Appendix 3: Latitude and Longitude, Time, and Navigation
248. Appendix 4: Maps and Charts
249. Appendix 5: The Beaufort Scale
250. Appendix 6: Taxonomic Classification of Marine Organisms
251. Appendix 7: Periodic Table of the Elements
252. Appendix 8: Working in Marine Science
253. Appendix 9: The World Ocean Seafloor
254. Glossary
255. Index
256. ES-6
257. ES-7

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