Campbell Biology 11th Edition Urry Test Bank

Product details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0134093410
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0134093413
• Author: Neil A. Campbell

The Eleventh Edition of the best-selling Campbell BIOLOGY sets students on the path to success in biology through its clear and engaging narrative, superior skills instruction, innovative use of art and photos, and fully integrated media resources to enhance teaching and learning.

To engage learners in developing a deeper understanding of biology, the Eleventh Edition challenges them to apply their knowledge and skills to a variety of new hands-on activities and exercises in the text and online. Content updates throughout the text reflect rapidly evolving research, and new learning tools include Problem-Solving Exercises, Visualizing Figures, Visual Skills Questions, and more.

Table contents:

1  Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Inquiring About Life

CONCEPT 1.1 The study of life reveals common themes

CONCEPT 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life

CONCEPT 1.3 In studying nature, scientists make observations and form and test hypotheses

CONCEPT 1.4 Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints

UNIT 1  THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 

2  The Chemical Context of Life

A Chemical Connection to Biology

CONCEPT 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

CONCEPT 2.2 An element’s properties depend on the structure of its atoms

CONCEPT 2.3 The formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between atoms

CONCEPT 2.4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds

3  Water and Life

The Molecule That Supports All of Life

CONCEPT 3.1 Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in hydrogen bonding

CONCEPT 3.2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s suitability for life

CONCEPT 3.3 Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms

4  Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Carbon: The Backbone of Life

CONCEPT 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds

CONCEPT 4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms

CONCEPT 4.3 A few chemical groups are key to molecular function

5  The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

The Molecules of Life

CONCEPT 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers

CONCEPT 5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material

CONCEPT 5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules

CONCEPT 5.4 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions

CONCEPT 5.5 Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information

CONCEPT 5.6 Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications

UNIT 2  THE CELL 

6  A Tour of the Cell

The Fundamental Units of Life

CONCEPT 6.1 Biologists use microscopes and biochemistry to study cells

CONCEPT 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions

CONCEPT 6.3 The eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes

CONCEPT 6.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions

CONCEPT 6.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another

CONCEPT 6.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

CONCEPT 6.7 Extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate cellular activities

CONCEPT 6.8 A cell is greater than the sum of its parts

7  Membrane Structure and Function

Life at the Edge

CONCEPT 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins

CONCEPT 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability

CONCEPT 7.3 Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment

CONCEPT 7.4 Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients

CONCEPT 7.5 Bulk transport across the plasma membrane occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis

8  An Introduction to Metabolism

The Energy of Life

CONCEPT 8.1 An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics

CONCEPT 8.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously

CONCEPT 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions

CONCEPT 8.4 Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers

CONCEPT 8.5 Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism

9  Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Life Is Work

CONCEPT 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

CONCEPT 9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate

CONCEPT 9.3 After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules

CONCEPT 9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis

CONCEPT 9.5 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen

CONCEPT 9.6 Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways

10  Photosynthesis

The Process That Feeds the Biosphere

CONCEPT 10.1 Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food

CONCEPT 10.2 The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH

CONCEPT 10.3 The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO₂ to sugar

CONCEPT 10.4 Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot, arid climates

CONCEPT 10.5Life depends on photosynthesis

11  Cell Communication

Cellular Messaging

CONCEPT 11.1 External signals are converted to responses within the cell

CONCEPT 11.2 Reception: A signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing it to change shape

CONCEPT 11.3 Transduction: Cascades of molecular interactions relay signals from receptors to target molecules in the cell

CONCEPT 11.4 Response: Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities

CONCEPT 11.5 Apoptosis integrates multiple cell-signaling pathways

12  The Cell Cycle

The Key Roles of Cell Division

CONCEPT 12.1 Most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells

CONCEPT 12.2 The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle

CONCEPT 12.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system

UNIT 3  GENETICS 

13  Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Variations on a Theme

CONCEPT 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes

CONCEPT 13.2 Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles

CONCEPT 13.3 Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid

CONCEPT 13.4 Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution

14  Mendel and the Gene Idea

Drawing from the Deck of Genes

CONCEPT 14.1 Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance

CONCEPT 14.2 Probability laws govern Mendelian inheritance

CONCEPT 14.3 Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics

CONCEPT 14.4 Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance

15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Locating Genes Along Chromosomes

CONCEPT 15.1 Morgan showed that Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes: scientific inquiry

CONCEPT 15.2 Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns of inheritance

CONCEPT 15.3 Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome

CONCEPT 15.4 Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders

CONCEPT 15.5 Some inheritance patterns are exceptions to standard Mendelian inheritance

16  The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Life’s Operating Instructions

CONCEPT 16.1 DNA is the genetic material

CONCEPT 16.2 Many proteins work together in DNA replication and repair

CONCEPT 16.3 A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule packed together with proteins

17  Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

The Flow of Genetic Information

CONCEPT 17.1 Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation

CONCEPT 17.2 Transcription is the DNA-directed synthesis of RNA: a closer look

CONCEPT 17.3 Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription

CONCEPT 17.4 Translation is the RNA-directed synthesis of a polypeptide: a closer look

CONCEPT 17.5 Mutations of one or a few nucleotides can affect protein structure and function

18  Regulation of Gene Expression

Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder

CONCEPT 18.1 Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription

CONCEPT 18.2 Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at many stages

CONCEPT 18.3 Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles in controlling gene expression

CONCEPT 18.4 A program of differential gene expression leads to the different cell types in a multicellular organism

CONCEPT 18.5 Cancer results from genetic changes that affect cell cycle control

19  Viruses

A Borrowed Life

CONCEPT 19.1 A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

CONCEPT 19.2 Viruses replicate only in host cells

CONCEPT 19.3 Viruses and prions are formidable pathogens in animals and plants

20  DNA Tools and Biotechnology

The DNA Toolbox

CONCEPT 20.1 DNA sequencing and DNA cloning are valuable tools for genetic engineering and biological inquiry

CONCEPT 20.2 Biologists use DNA technology to study gene expression and function

CONCEPT 20.3 Cloned organisms and stem cells are useful for basic research and other applications

CONCEPT 20.4 The practical applications of DNA-based biotechnology affect our lives in many ways

21  Genomes and Their Evolution

Reading the Leaves from the Tree of Life

CONCEPT 21.1 The Human Genome Project fostered development of faster, less expensive sequencing techniques

CONCEPT 21.2 Scientists use bioinformatics to analyze genomes and their functions

CONCEPT 21.3 Genomes vary in size, number of genes, and gene density

CONCEPT 21.4 Multicellular eukaryotes have a lot of noncoding DNA and many multigene families

CONCEPT 21.5 Duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of DNA contribute to genome evolution

CONCEPT 21.6 Comparing genome sequences provides clues to evolution and development

UNIT 4  MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION 

22  Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

Endless Forms Most Beautiful

CONCEPT 22.1 The Darwinian revolution challenged traditional views of a young Earth inhabited by unchanging species

CONCEPT 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life

CONCEPT 22.3 Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence

23  The Evolution of Populations

The Smallest Unit of Evolution

CONCEPT 23.1 Genetic variation makes evolution possible

CONCEPT 23.2 The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to test whether a population is evolving

CONCEPT 23.3 Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter allele frequencies in a population

CONCEPT 23.4 Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution

24  The Origin of Species

That “Mystery of Mysteries”

CONCEPT 24.1 The biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation

CONCEPT 24.2 Speciation can take place with or without geographic separation

CONCEPT 24.3 Hybrid zones reveal factors that cause reproductive isolation

CONCEPT 24.4 Speciation can occur rapidly or slowly and can result from changes in few or many genes

25  The History of Life on Earth

A Surprise in the Desert 

CONCEPT 25.1 Conditions on early Earth made the origin of life possible

CONCEPT 25.2 The fossil record documents the history of life

CONCEPT 25.3 Key events in life’s history include the origins of unicellular and multicellular organisms and the colonization of land

CONCEPT 25.4 The rise and fall of groups of organisms reflect differences in speciation and extinction rates

CONCEPT 25.5 Major changes in body form can result from changes in the sequences and regulation of developmental genes

CONCEPT 25.6 Evolution is not goal oriented

UNIT 5  THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 

26  Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Investigating the Tree of Life

CONCEPT 26.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships

CONCEPT 26.2 Phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data

CONCEPT 26.3 Shared characters are used to construct phylogenetic trees

CONCEPT 26.4 An organism’s evolutionary history is documented in its genome

CONCEPT 26.5 Molecular clocks help track evolutionary time

CONCEPT 26.6 Our understanding of the tree of life continues to change based on new data

27  Bacteria and Archaea

Masters of Adaptation

CONCEPT 27.1 Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success

CONCEPT 27.2 Rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination promote genetic diversity in prokaryotes

CONCEPT 27.3 Diverse nutritional and metabolic adaptations have evolved in prokaryotes

CONCEPT 27.4 Prokaryotes have radiated into a diverse set of lineages

CONCEPT 27.5 Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere

CONCEPT 27.6 Prokaryotes have both beneficial and harmful impacts on humans

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